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城市微气候及其与社会隔离的关系:一篇综述
David B Olawade1,2,3,4, Melissa McLaughlin4, Yinka Julianah Adeniji5,6
1Department of Allied and Public Health, School of Health, Sport and Bioscience, University of East London, London E16 2RD, UK.
概括
城市热岛 (UHIs) 通过限制户外活动来加剧社会隔离,而绿色空间和阴影区域则促进社会互动和社区凝聚力. 城市设计必须整合这些较冷的环境,以建立有弹性的城市.
科学领域:
- 城市规划和环境心理学
- 气候科学与公共卫生
背景情况:
- 城市微气候,包括城市热岛 (UHIs) 和凉爽的阴影/绿色区域,显著影响城市的社会行为和隔离水平.
- 超高温可以使温度高达12°C,阻碍户外活动,特别是对弱势群体.
- 相反,较冷的微气候 (2-5°C低) 鼓励社会参与和互动.
研究的目的:
- 综合现有的关于城市微气候与社会隔离之间的关系的文献.
- 分析超高温和较冷的微气候如何影响社会参与和社区凝聚力.
- 为城市规划和政策提供气候适应性社区设计的信息.
主要方法:
- 采用了一个叙事审查方法.
- 一项全面的文献搜索确定了142篇文章,其中103篇在应用特定标准后被列入.
- 分析的重点是研究局部气候变化,社会行为,绿色空间的准入和城市设计干预措施在不同的背景.
主要成果:
- 超高频率感染与通过减少户外活动而增加的社会隔离密切相关,特别是在老年人和患有慢性健康状况的人群中.
- 阴凉的区域和绿色空间显然可以减轻社会隔离,促进更多的户外社交互动 (在一些研究中高达25%).
- 这些凉爽的环境减少了压力,增强了社区凝聚力,这在哥本哈根和墨尔本的城市公园中得到了证据.
结论:
- 将阴凉区域和绿色空间纳入城市设计对于减轻UHI影响和减少社会隔离至关重要.
- 优先考虑这些干预措施可以促进社会性,并培养连接的,适应气候的社区.
- 未来的研究应该利用纵向研究和智能技术来加强对微气候干预效益的监测.
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