自闭症的男性和女性医疗保健轨迹:考虑到诊断时的年龄和智力或发育障碍状态,是否存在任何差异?
Mélanie Couture1,2,3, Josiane Courteau2, Sébastien Brodeur4
1École de Réadaptation, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Quebec, Canada.
概括
自闭症的医疗保健轨迹因性别,年龄和智力障碍而异. 在童年时被诊断出患有自闭症的女性住院次更多,这突出了针对特定自闭症患者群体的护理差距.
科学领域:
- 神经发育障碍 神经发育障碍
- 医疗保健服务研究 医疗保健服务研究
- 公共卫生 公共卫生
背景情况:
- 自闭症诊断及其对医疗保健利用的影响需要进一步调查.
- 了解医疗保健轨迹 (HCT) 对于优化对自闭症患者的支持至关重要.
- 基于性别,诊断时的年龄和智力或发育障碍 (IDD) 状态的HCT的变化没有得到很好的描述.
研究的目的:
- 为了比较HCT2年后自闭症诊断的性别,诊断年龄和IDD状态.
- 确定不同自闭症患者子组在医疗保健使用和结果中的差异.
主要方法:
- 使用加拿大北克 (2012-2015) 的卫生行政数据进行了回顾性队列研究.
- 包括5289名第一次被诊断为自闭症的人.
- 使用状态序列分析分析分析的HCT,按性别分层,IDD状态和诊断时的年龄 (青少年/成年人).
主要成果:
- 随着时间的推移,整体医疗保健使用略有下降,女性的强度更高.
- 在HCT中性别差异受到IDD状态和诊断时的年龄的显著影响.
- 与男性相比,在童年时被诊断出女性的住院时间几乎是男性的两倍;被诊断出自闭症的成年人,特别是女性和IDD患者,显示出高住院率.
结论:
- 自闭症医疗保健轨迹因人口统计和临床因素而异.
- 晚些时候诊断的成年人,特别是女性和IDD患者的高住院率表明,护理连续性和可避免的住院可能存在问题.
- 需要有针对性的干预措施来解决自闭症患者在医疗保健中的性别和IDD相关差异.
相关概念视频
01:19Autism Spectrum Disorder
348
Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a neurodevelopmental condition marked by persistent deficits in social communication and interaction alongside restrictive and repetitive behaviors or interests. ASD is sometimes accompanied by intellectual impairment.
These core symptoms manifest differently among individuals, ranging from mild to severe. The disorder's complexity extends beyond its clinical presentation, encompassing a diverse range of biological, cognitive, and sociocultural influences.
These core symptoms manifest differently among individuals, ranging from mild to severe. The disorder's complexity extends beyond its clinical presentation, encompassing a diverse range of biological, cognitive, and sociocultural influences.
348
01:29Intellectual Disability
167
Intellectual disability (ID) is a neurodevelopmental condition characterized by deficits in intellectual and adaptive functioning that manifest during the developmental period. This condition encompasses challenges in reasoning, memory, problem-solving, and learning, accompanied by impairments in everyday life skills, such as communication, self-care, and social interactions. Intellectual disability affects approximately 1% of the population in the United States, impacting an estimated 5...
167
01:30Socioemotional Experience and Gender Development
83
Social-emotional experiences and cultural influences play significant roles in shaping gender development. During middle childhood, from ages 6 to 11, peer groups become dominant in reinforcing gender norms. Children in this age group often align with same-gender peer groups, which actively encourage behaviors that conform to traditional gender roles. For instance, boys may be discouraged from engaging in activities perceived as feminine, reinforcing culturally dictated norms about masculinity...
83
01:28Conduct Disorder
114
Conduct disorder is a complex mental health diagnosis characterized by a repetitive and persistent pattern of behavior that violates societal norms, the rights of others, or age-appropriate rules. The diagnostic criteria for conduct disorder require the presence of at least three problematic behaviors within the past 12 months, with at least one occurring in the past six months. These behaviors are grouped into four categories: aggression toward people and animals; destruction of property;...
114
01:27Introduction to Developmental Psychology
568
Developmental psychology explores the changes and continuities in human abilities throughout life, encompassing physical, cognitive, linguistic, and social dimensions. Human development is not restricted to growth, but includes aspects of decline, particularly in physical abilities as individuals age. Developmental psychologists seek to understand how people change as they age and how their mental and social skills evolve.Developmental MilestonesA key concept in developmental psychology is...
568
01:18Cognitive Development During Adolescence
142
During adolescence, individuals experience significant cognitive development that enhances their understanding of others' emotions and thoughts, known as cognitive empathy. This period is marked by an increased ability to adapt to others' perspectives and a more nuanced understanding of others' mental states, a skill that is foundational for social problem-solving and conflict avoidance. The development of cognitive empathy relies heavily on the theory of mind — the...
142