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Updated: Sep 18, 2025

Determination of the Photoisomerization Quantum Yield of a Hydrazone Photoswitch
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使用分子离子生命周期数据评估替代的9,10-氨基的电子亲和力

N L Asfandiarov1, M V Muftakhov1, A S Vorob'ev2

  • 1Institute of Molecule and Crystal Physics - Subdivision of the Ufa Federal Research Centre of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Prospekt Oktyabrya 151, Ufa 450075, Russia.

The Journal of chemical physics
|June 26, 2025
PubMed
概括

分离式电子附着 (DEA) 研究显示, antraquinone 衍生物形成稳定的分子离子. 观察到像[M-H]-这样的碎片离子,将电子亲和值与理论计算相关联.

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In an electrophilic aromatic substitution reaction, an electrophile substitutes for a hydrogen of an aromatic compound.
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Electron Affinity

The electron affinity (EA) is the energy change for adding an electron to a gaseous atom to form an anion (negative ion).
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Basicity of Aromatic Amines

The basicity of aromatic amines is much weaker than that of aliphatic amines due to the involvement of the lone pair of electrons over the N atom in resonance with the aryl rings. Generally, the electron-donating ability of any substituents on the aryl ring of aromatic amines increases the basicity of the amine by increasing electron density, and hence the availability of lone pair on the nitrogen. On the other hand, electron-withdrawing functional groups on the aryl ring of amines decrease the...
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Substituent Effects on Acidity of Carboxylic Acids

The acidity of carboxylic acids is influenced by the nature of the substituents bounded to the functional group. The acid strength is determined by the stability of the carboxylate anion—the conjugate base formed by dissociating the corresponding carboxylic acid.
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All ortho–para directors, excluding halogens, are activating groups. These groups donate electrons to the ring, making the ring carbons electron-rich. Consequently, the reactivity of the aromatic ring towards electrophilic substitution increases. For instance, the nitration of anisole is about 10,000 times faster than the nitration of benzene. The electron-donating effect of the methoxy group in anisole activates the ortho and para positions on the ring and stabilizes the corresponding...
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EDTA titrations are usually carried out in highly basic conditions, where the fully deprotonated form of EDTA, Y4−, actively complexes with the free metal ions in the solution. Several metal ions precipitate as hydrous oxide (hydroxides, oxides, or oxyhydroxides) under these conditions, lowering the concentration of free metal ions in the solution. For this reason, auxiliary complexing agents or ligands such as ammonia, tartrate, citrate, or triethanolamine are used in EDTA titrations to...
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