不同的工具,不同的结果:在自闭症和ADHD青年中比较欺凌评估方法
Hannah E Morton1,2, Summer B Bottini3,4, Alana J McVey5
1TEACCH Autism Program, Department of Psychiatry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, USA. Hannah_morton@med.unc.edu.
Journal of autism and developmental disorders
|June 26, 2025
概括
对于自闭症和ADHD年轻人来说,欺凌评估工具的准确性各不相同. 与一般问卷相比,一个针对残疾的具体措施,欺凌经验评估 (ABE) 更好地识别了受害者风险.
科学领域:
- 发展心理学 发展心理学
- 临床心理学 临床心理学
- 特殊教育 特殊教育
背景情况:
- 自闭症和ADHD年轻人经历了更高的同伴受害率,导致负面的教育和心理健康结果.
- 现有的欺凌干预措施在这些人群中表现出有限的成功,部分原因是不一致的评估方法.
- 一般欺凌评估工具可能无法充分捕捉自闭症和多动症多动症青年的独特经历.
研究的目的:
- 评估三种欺凌评估方法的一致性和敏感性:单项评估,奥尔韦斯欺凌问卷 (OBQ) 和欺凌经验评估 (ABE).
- 检查自闭症,多动症和社区青年中受害风险的群体差异.
- 确定评估自闭症和ADHD群体欺凌的最有效方法.
主要方法:
- 516名自闭症,多动症和社区青年的护理人员完成了单项评估,OBQ和ABE.
- 通过使用百分比一致性,科恩的卡帕和麦克纳马的测试来分析跨度的协议.
- 后勤回归模型确定了每个措施的欺凌分类中的群体差异.
主要成果:
- 总体而言,OBQ和ABE之间发现了适度的一致性,但自闭症和ADHD组内的一致性减弱.
- 单项评估低估了欺凌的发生率,并未检测到群体差异.
- 在ADHD年轻人中,欺凌风险显著增加 (OR=2.81,OBQ;OR=2.76,ABE). 只有通过ABE (OR=2.34) 确定了同时出现ADHD脆弱性的自闭症青少年.
结论:
- 单项和一般欺凌评估工具在捕捉残疾特定受害体验方面存在局限性.
- 该ABE在评估自闭症和多动症多动症青年中的欺凌行为时表现出更大的敏感性,因为它包含了残疾特异性行为.
- 以理论为导向的框架和特定残疾的评估对于改善对自闭症和ADHD青少年的欺凌风险评估和干预至关重要.
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