在目睹挑者的痛苦后微笑:面部电肌图学研究
Karolina Dyduch-Hazar1, Vanessa Mitschke2, Andreas B Eder1
1Institute for Psychology, Julius-Maximilians-University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany.
Cognition & emotion
|June 26, 2025
概括
当一个挑性的竞争对手受苦时,人们会感到快乐 (schadenfreude),表现出明显的面部肌肉活动. 然而,当一个不挑的竞争对手经历痛苦时,他们会表现出同情心.
科学领域:
- 心理学 心理学 心理学
- 社会神经科学是一种社会神经科学.
- 情感科学是一种情感科学.
背景情况:
- 见证对罪犯的惩罚往往会引起快乐,具体的面部肌肉激活 (zygomaticus大,orbicularis oculi) 和关闭 (corrugator supercilii) 证明了这一点.
- 之前的研究集中在自我惩罚上,不探讨惩罚者的身份和互动性质的作用.
研究的目的:
- 为了调查个人在观察挑性竞争对手时是否表现出快乐 (schadenfreude),他们遭受了计算机管理的惩罚.
- 探索竞争对手的挑性对观察到的痛苦的情绪和面部反应的影响.
主要方法:
- 面部电肌图 (fEMG) 用于测量43名参与者的腹肌大 (ZM),眼球大 (OO) 和波纹超 (CS) 肌肉活动.
- 参与者观察到一个具有挑性或非挑性的竞争对手,经历疼痛或没有疼痛,并通过计算机进行处罚.
主要成果:
- 参与者表现出增加的ZM和OO活动和减少的CS活动,当看到一个挑性的竞争对手在疼痛,表明快乐.
- 相反,参与者在观察非挑性竞争对手的疼痛时表现出减少的ZM和OO活动和增加的CS活动,这表明了同情的关注.
结论:
- 伤害的感知,特别是在被认为具有挑性的背景下,是引起schadenfreude的关键因素.
- 对观察到的痛苦的情绪反应受到社会动态的调节,特别是对竞争对手和互动的感知性质.
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