对增材制造的316/316L不钢工艺参数,后加工策略和缺陷缓解的优化进行审查
Usman Aziz1,2, Marion McAfee1,3, Ioannis Manolakis2,4
1I-Form, the Research Ireland Centre for Advanced Manufacturing, Atlantic Technological University, F91 YW50 Sligo, Ireland.
Materials (Basel, Switzerland)
|June 27, 2025
概括
316/316L不钢的增材制造 (AM) 面临着缺陷和表面粗等挑战. 优化工艺参数和后处理是提高工业用途组件可靠性的关键.
科学领域:
- 材料科学 材料科学 材料科学
- 制造业 工程 制造工程
- 金工业是金工业的一个方面.
背景情况:
- 增材制造 (AM) 为生产具有复杂几何形状和增强性能的316/316L不钢部件提供了先进的能力.
- 广泛采用受阻于与过程相关的缺陷,包括定向能量沉积 (DED),选择性激光化 (SLM) 和电子束化 (EBM) 等技术中的残余应力,孔隙性,异构性和表面粗性.
研究的目的:
- 对316/316L不钢进行批评性审查的AM技术 (DED,SLM,EBM).
- 检查制造参数对微观结构演变,机械性能和缺陷形成的影响.
- 突出缺陷缓解策略和有效的后处理处理方法.
主要方法:
- 对316/316L不钢的SLM,DED和EBM工艺进行比较分析.
- 调查关键的制造参数:激光功率,能量密度,扫描策略,层厚度,构建方向和预热.
- 评估后加工技术,如热处理和热静态压缩 (HIP).
主要成果:
- SLM提供了高精度和精细的微观结构,但容易产生残余应力和多孔性.
- 对于大型零件,DED提供了灵活性,但在表面表面和一致的机械性能方面面临着挑战.
- 通过高预热 (700-850°C) 和真空,EBM可降低剩余应力,但在分辨率和成本效益方面存在局限性.
- 后加工方法通过减少缺陷和改善机械性能,显著提高结构完整性.
结论:
- 优化AM工艺参数和采用有效的后加工处理对于减轻316/316L不钢缺陷至关重要.
- 标准化和实时监控对于提高AM生产组件的可靠性和一致性至关重要.
- 应对这些挑战对于推进AM技术以满足严格的工业性能要求至关重要.
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