超出平均水平:美国人口极端摄入量的趋势,2003-2018年
Yutong Chen1, Jingyan Wang1, Kristin E Leonberg1
1Friedman School of Nutrition Science and Policy, Tufts University, Boston, MA 02111, USA.
Nutrients
|June 27, 2025
概括
在美国,高摄入量仍然存在,极端消费水平仍然令人担忧. 目前的公共卫生战略不足以减少的消耗,以实现全球目标.
科学领域:
- 营养科学 营养科学
- 公共卫生 公共卫生
- 心血管健康 心血管健康
背景情况:
- 过度摄入是高血压和心血管疾病 (CVD) 的主要驱动因素.
- 现有的营养监测经常忽略了极端的消费模式.
- 了解人口中不断变化的高摄入趋势对于公共卫生至关重要.
研究的目的:
- 用NHANES数据分析2003-2018年美国消费模式.
- 专注于极端消费水平和弱势群体的趋势.
- 为了评估随着时间和年龄的推移,摄入加速和减速的变化.
主要方法:
- 从2003-2018年NHANES数据分析了60,663名参与者 (年龄为5至80岁).
- 非线性高斯回归以模拟按年龄和调查周期的摄入量 (毫克/天).
- 摄入曲线的分类 (IA,ID,DA,DD) 和分组转折点的识别.
主要成果:
- 大多数成年人最初显示摄入量增加,然后在20-30岁左右出现平原/下降.
- 女孩的摄入量呈现稳步下降,而男孩的摄入量呈现加速增加.
- 最多10%的人口每天摄入超过5000毫克,超过了推值;心血管疾病患者仍然摄入高水平.
结论:
- 美国的摄入量从2003年至2018年没有显著下降,特别是在极端水平.
- 目前的公共卫生工作似乎不足以实现世卫组织2030年减少的目标.
- 解决极端的消费对于心血管健康计划至关重要.
相关概念视频
01:26Regulation of Sodium and Potassium
879
The regulation of sodium and potassium ion concentrations in the human body is a complex process governed primarily by hormones such as aldosterone, antidiuretic hormone (ADH), and atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP).
Sodium Regulation
Sodium ions make up approximately 90% of extracellular cations, with a normal blood plasma concentration of 136–148 mEq/L. A decrease in blood volume and pressure triggers the release of renin from granular cells in the juxtaglomerular complex (JGC), primarily...
Sodium Regulation
Sodium ions make up approximately 90% of extracellular cations, with a normal blood plasma concentration of 136–148 mEq/L. A decrease in blood volume and pressure triggers the release of renin from granular cells in the juxtaglomerular complex (JGC), primarily...
879
01:28Chronic Kidney Disease III: Interprofessional Care
82
Chronic kidney disease (CKD) requires collaborative and comprehensive management. CKD progresses through stages and can lead to end-stage kidney disease (ESKD) if untreated. Interprofessional collaboration and patient education are crucial, enabling patients to manage their health and improve their quality of life.Diagnostic approach for chronic kidney diseaseThe diagnosis of CKD primarily focuses on the glomerular filtration rate (GFR), which assesses kidney function by measuring how well...
82
01:25Regulation of Water Intake
1.4K
Osmolality refers to the number of solute particles per kilogram of solvent in a solution. Plasma osmolality specifically indicates the total number of solute particles per kilogram of water in blood plasma. This value reflects the body's hydration status and is tightly regulated through mechanisms controlling water intake and output. While water consumption is a conscious decision, the body has intrinsic regulatory systems to maintain fluid balance. Dehydration, a state of water deficit...
1.4K
01:28Factors affecting Blood pressure
5.0K
Several physiological and lifestyle factors influence blood pressure (BP). Understanding these factors is crucial as they are significant in patient education and blood pressure management.
Physiological Factors:
Physiological Factors:
5.0K
01:28Antihypertensive Drugs: Potassium-Sparing Diuretics
785
Liddle syndrome is a genetically inherited form of hypertension characterized by the overactivity of epithelial sodium channels in the nephron, the functional unit of the kidney. This heightened activity leads to increased sodium reabsorption and excessive excretion of potassium. To counteract this, potassium-sparing diuretics such as amiloride are used. They function by blocking these sodium channels, thereby reducing the influx of sodium into the epithelial cells and minimizing the loss of...
785
01:22Heart Failure VI: Adjunct Therapies
38
Additional therapies for treating patients with heart failure (HF) may include procedural interventions, supplemental oxygen, the management of sleep disorders, and nutritional therapy.Procedural InterventionsImplantable Cardioverter-Defibrillator: For patients at risk of life-threatening arrhythmias due to severe left ventricular dysfunction, an Implantable Cardioverter-Defibrillator (ICD) can detect and terminate these arrhythmias, preventing sudden cardiac death and improving survival rates.
38