在国家免疫计划中整合老年人流感疫苗接种的挑战:对知识,态度,做法和接受免费年度计划的基于人口的跨部门研究
Mohd Shaiful Azlan Kassim1,2, Rosnah Sutan2, Noor Harzana Harrun1
1Ministry of Health Malaysia, Putrajaya 62590, Malaysia.
Vaccines
|June 27, 2025
概括
在马来西亚老年人中,流感疫苗接种知识很好,但接种率很低. 一个免费的年度疫苗接种计划表明,在这个脆弱的人群中增加流感免疫率是有前途的.
科学领域:
- 公共卫生 公共卫生
- 流行病学 流行病学
- 疫苗学 疫苗学 疫苗学
背景情况:
- 流感对马来西亚老年人的健康构成重大风险,导致严重的发病率和死亡率.
- 流感疫苗接种是缓解流感传播和影响的主要策略.
- 该研究解决了在马来西亚老龄化人口中改善流感控制措施的需要.
研究的目的:
- 评估马来西亚老年人对流感和疫苗接种的知识,态度和做法 (KAP).
- 评估建议为老年人提供免费年度流感疫苗接种计划的接受程度.
- 确定影响目标人口群体接种流感疫苗的因素.
主要方法:
- 一项全国性的调查对672名60岁以上的成年人进行了调查,他们访问了马来西亚各地的初级医疗保健中心.
- 与人口规模 (PPS) 相称的抽样确保了区域代表性.
- 经过验证的问卷评估了KAP,后勤回归确定了接种计划接受的预测因素.
主要成果:
- 观察到人们对流感疾病 (74.0%) 和疫苗 (65.9%) 的理解程度很高.
- 76.4%的参与者报告了对流感疫苗接种的积极态度.
- 接种疫苗的做法是不理想的,只有29.2%的人有先前的接种疫苗史,55.2%的人每年进行一次;62.3%的人接受了拟议的免费计划.
结论:
- 在马来西亚老年人中增加流感疫苗接种仍然是一个挑战.
- 建议针对高风险老年人群提供有针对性的,免费的年度疫苗接种计划.
- 加强健康教育和强大的监测系统对于改善流感免疫覆盖率至关重要.
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