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在社会和货币强化中常见的神经缺陷 在精神分裂症中学习
Jay Nierenberg1,2, Jaisal T Merchant3, Matthew J Hoptman1,2
1Nathan Kline Institute for Psychiatric Research, Orangeburg, NY 10962, United States.
Schizophrenia bulletin
|June 27, 2025
概括
精神分裂症 (SZ) 患者表现出与社会和货币强化学习 (RL) 类似的大脑激活模式. 然而,他们很难使用反来指导选择,表明预期值计算的潜在问题.
科学领域:
- 神经科学是一个神经科学.
- 精神病学是一个精神病学.
- 认知科学 认知科学
背景情况:
- 精神分裂症 (SZ) 与来自货币反的强化学习 (RL) 缺陷有关.
- 社会功能缺陷在SZ中很常见,但社会RL的神经过程未得到充分研究.
- 这项研究比较了社会RL与SZ货币RL期间的神经激活.
研究的目的:
- 调查精神分裂症在社会和货币强化学习期间的神经激活差异.
- 为了比较选择选择和反处理过程中的大脑活动,在社会与货币RL任务中进行反处理.
- 探索神经激活和行为表现在RL任务中SZ个体的神经激活和行为的关系.
主要方法:
- 在概率性RL任务中,有30名SZ参与者和31名健康对照者接受了功能磁共振成像 (fMRI).
- 任务涉及社会和货币反,具有积极和消极的价值.
- 兴趣区域分析侧重于奖励,学习和社会处理领域,检查选择和结果阶段的神经活动.
主要成果:
- 患有SZ的个体在选择阶段在社会和货币RL任务中表现出尾状和轨道前皮层的激活减少.
- 在收到反 (结果阶段) 期间的神经激活模式在两个组的社会和货币RL之间是相似的.
- 在RL期间的大脑激活与两组的行为RL表现都没有显著的相关性.
结论:
- 精神分裂症患者可能对反有完整的神经反应,但难以根据预期值招募基于选择调制的电路.
- 这些发现表明,SZ社会RL中的神经激活模式与货币RL中观察到的类似.
- 结果突出了精神分裂症中潜在的计算缺陷,这些缺陷会影响社会和非社会环境中的适应性决策.
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