机器学习的最新进展用于精确诊断和治疗食道疾病
Shao-Wen Liu1, Peng Li2, Xiao-Qing Li3,4,5
1Faculty of Information Engineering and Automation, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650031, Yunnan Province, China.
World journal of gastroenterology
|June 27, 2025
概括
机器学习 (ML) 显著提高了食道疾病的诊断和风险分层,提高了胃食道逆流症和巴雷特食道等疾病的准确性. 这些先进的ML工具有望通过精准医学彻底改变食道疾病的管理.
科学领域:
- 胃肠道学和计算医学
- 人工智能在医学诊断中的应用
背景情况:
- 食道疾病由于各种病理生理学和表现而存在复杂的诊断和风险分层挑战.
- 传统的诊断方法往往涉及主观的解释,并依赖于临床医生的专业知识,导致变化.
- 机器学习 (ML) 为改善医疗保健的准确性和一致性提供了一种变革性的方法.
研究的目的:
- 对ML在诊断和管理食道疾病中的应用进行全面的文献审查.
- 分析技术方法,验证策略和ML在该领域的临床影响.
- 评估ML在改善早期检测,风险分层和食道疾病患者整体结果方面的潜力.
主要方法:
- 系统审查已发表的文献,重点关注ML在各种食道疾病中的应用.
- 分析报告的准确率,技术方法 (例如,阻抗分析的潜力,内镜分级) 和验证技术.
- 与传统诊断方法相比,对ML性能指标的评估.
主要成果:
- 在胃食道逆流性疾病诊断和巴雷特食道 (88%-95%) 中,ML模型实现了高精度 (80%-90%) .
- 与传统方法相比,ML可将食道癌的早期检测和生存预测提高6%-10%.
- 据报道,ML在自动诊断和风险分层方面取得了有希望的结果 (准确度>85%).
结论:
- 机器学习在诊断和分层食道疾病方面表现出卓越的性能,与传统方法相比,提供了显著的改进.
- 数据标准化,可解释性和临床集成方面的挑战正在通过诸如联合学习和可解释AI等解决方案来解决.
- 持续开发和验证ML技术将在精准医学中转变食道疾病管理.
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