慢性疾病对死亡率的贡献:种族和民族差异
Miriam R Elman1, Ana R Quiñones1,2, Gail J McAvay3
1OHSU-PSU School of Public Health, 1810 SW 5th Avenue, OR 97201, United States.
Aging and health research
|June 27, 2025
概括
慢性疾病显著导致西班牙裔,黑人和白人美国人的死亡率差异. 高血压和痴呆症是关键驱动因素,因种族和种族而异.
科学领域:
- 老年学是指老年学的学科.
- 公共卫生 公共卫生
- 流行病学 流行病学
背景情况:
- 在美国,种族和民族健康差异仍然存在.
- 慢性疾病和死亡率是这些不平等的关键因素.
研究的目的:
- 评估同时存在的慢性疾病对老年西班牙裔,非西班牙裔白人和非西班牙裔黑人成年人死亡率的贡献.
- 分析疾病患病率,发病率及其与种族和民族群体死亡率相关的差异.
主要方法:
- 利用来自健康和退休研究 (HRS) (1998-2020,n=10,430) 的全国代表性数据.
- 使用平均可归因分数 (LE-AAF) 的纵向延伸来估计九种慢性疾病的绝对添加贡献.
- 使用调查加权的多变量离散生存模型,根据社会人口统计和健康特征进行调整.
主要成果:
- 总体死亡率为42.2% (西班牙裔),42.7% (白人) 和46.4% (黑人).
- 慢性疾病占死亡率的很大一部分:73.9% (西班牙裔),66.2% (黑人) 和57.7% (白人).
- 在所有组中,痴呆症与死亡率的关联最强. 高血压是西班牙裔和黑人成年人的主要原因,而癌症是白人成年人的主要原因.
结论:
- 在美国西班牙裔,黑人和白人中,慢性疾病的患病率,发病率及其对死亡率的影响存在显著差异.
- 同时存在的慢性疾病对死亡率有很大影响,种族和族群之间存在差异.
- 了解这些差异对于解决健康差异和改善不同老年成人群体的结果至关重要.
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