在光鱼中非视觉和视觉奥普辛基因谱的演变
Maxime Policarpo1, Lily G Fogg1, Fabio Cortesi2
1Zoological Institute, Department of Environmental Sciences, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland.
Genome biology and evolution
|June 27, 2025
概括
射翼鱼中素基因的进化显示了基因数量的显著变化,视觉素的复制和丢失比非视觉素更频繁. 这些基因共同进化,适应不同的光环境,甚至在繁殖中发挥作用.
科学领域:
- 进化生物学 进化生物学
- 基因组学就是基因组学.
- 摄影接收 摄影接收
背景情况:
- 光感受对于视觉和非图像形成过程至关重要,由脊椎动物的素蛋白介导.
- 奥普辛被分为视觉类型和非视觉类型,对非视觉类型的奥普辛进化在类动物 (光鱼) 中的理解有限.
研究的目的:
- 进行一项关于素基因家族在actinopterygians中的演变的综合研究.
- 专注于未被研究的非视觉视觉和它们的进化动态.
- 为了研究 opsins 和光传导级联基因在环境因素的反应中的共同进化.
主要方法:
- 分析了535个高质量的actinopterygian基因组.
- 比较基因组学以评估基因拷贝数变异和选择性压力.
- 检查基因表达模式,特别是在非视觉组织.
主要成果:
- 在光鱼物种中,素基因拷贝数的显著变化,视觉素显示出更高的复制率和损失.
- 有证据表明视觉和非视觉光之间的共同进化,受光环境的影响 (例如,暗光/黑暗息物种的减少剧目).
- 极地物种和利用电感应的物种的加速进化;光传导基因与素共同演变;非视觉素在生殖腺中表达.
结论:
- 射翼鱼的素基因家族进化是动态的,视觉和非视觉素的进化轨迹是不同的.
- 环境压力,包括光线的可用性和感官模式,如电感应,塑造了opsin基因谱和进化.
- 非视觉素可能在配体生物学中发挥作用,除了它们在昼夜调节和DNA修复方面的已知功能外.
相关概念视频
Gene Duplication and Divergence
6.4K
The seminal work of Ohno in 1970 popularized the idea of gene duplication and divergence. DNA sequence comparison studies reveal that a large portion of the genes in bacteria, archaebacteria, and eukaryotes was generated by gene duplication and divergence, indicating its critical role in evolution.
The duplicated copies of the gene are called Paralogs. Paralogs with similar sequences and functions form a gene family. Across several species, a large number of gene families are...
The duplicated copies of the gene are called Paralogs. Paralogs with similar sequences and functions form a gene family. Across several species, a large number of gene families are...
6.4K
Photoreceptors and Visual Pathways
6.5K
At the molecular level, visual signals trigger transformations in photopigment molecules, resulting in changes in the photoreceptor cell's membrane potential. The photon's energy level is denoted by its wavelength, with each specific wavelength of visible light associated with a distinct color. The spectral range of visible light, classified as electromagnetic radiation, spans from 380 to 720 nm. Electromagnetic radiation wavelengths exceeding 720 nm fall under the infrared category,...
6.5K
Anatomy of the Eyeball
7.6K
The eye is a spherical, hollow structure composed of three tissue layers. The outer layer — the fibrous tunic, comprises the sclera — a white structure — and the cornea, which is transparent. The sclera encompasses some of the ocular surface, most of which is not visible. However, the 'white of the eye' is distinctively visible in humans compared to other species. The cornea, a clear covering at the front of the eye, enables light penetration. The eye's middle...
7.6K
Osmoregulation in Fishes
50.5K
When cells are placed in a hypotonic (low-salt) fluid, they can swell and burst. Meanwhile, cells in a hypertonic solution—with a higher salt concentration—can shrivel and die. How do fish cells avoid these gruesome fates in hypotonic freshwater or hypertonic seawater environments?
50.5K
Channel Rhodopsins
2.6K
Most organisms use photoreceptors to sense and respond to light. Examples of photoreceptors include bacteriorhodopsins and bacteriophytochromes in some bacteria, phytochromes in plants, and rhodopsins in the photoreceptor cells of the vertebral retina. The light-sensitive property of these receptors is because of the bound chromophores, such as bilin in the phytochromes and retinal in the rhodopsins.
Rhodopsins belong to the family of cell surface proteins called G-protein coupled receptors,...
Rhodopsins belong to the family of cell surface proteins called G-protein coupled receptors,...
2.6K
Convergent Evolution
29.1K
Evolution shapes the features of organisms over time, ensuring that they are suited for the environments in which they live. Sometimes, selection pressure leads to the rise of similar but unrelated adaptations in organisms with no recent common ancestors, a process known as convergent evolution.
29.1K


