对造船厂热应力伤害预防的多方方法
Emily Latimer1, Aaron Georgas2, Andrea McGlynn3
1US Navy Nurse Corps, Emergency Department, Naval Medical Center Camp Lejeune.
Workplace health & safety
|June 27, 2025
概括
在船厂维护期间,实施三方面方法显著减少了水手的热应激伤害 (HSI). 这一策略包括补水,调整个人防护设备 (PPE) 和有针对性的教育,将HSI事件降低了70%.
科学领域:
- 职业健康 职业健康 职业健康
- 环境医学 环境医学
- 公共卫生干预措施 公共卫生干预措施
背景情况:
- 热应激伤害 (HSI) 带来了重大的职业风险,特别是在造船厂的现役水手,由于极端的温度和苛刻的培训.
- 美国海军一艘正在维修中的船只中高频率发生HSI事件促使建立了一个基于证据的干预项目.
研究的目的:
- 为了降低在美国海军舰船上驻扎的水手中热应激伤害 (HSI) 病例的发生率,在多年造船厂大修期间.
- 在独特的职业环境中,实施和评估针对HSI预防的有针对性的缓解策略的有效性.
主要方法:
- 引入了多方面的干预措施,包括分发口服补水液 (ORS),补水方案和根据环境条件调整个人防护设备 (PPE) 的使用.
- 在消防培训期间实施了规模化的PPE协议,以湿球球体温度测量为指导.
- 针对性教育课程涵盖了HSI风险因素,识别,急救和预防策略.
主要成果:
- 在干预后的第一年和第二年,水手HSI事件从基线10下降到5年.
- 在干预后,水手HSI率与1年和2年被排除的民用HSI率没有显著差异.
- 在2023年,与基线相比,在水手中观察到HSI几率的估计减少了70%.
结论:
- 造船厂特定的多方面干预措施在多年内显著减少热应激损伤 (HSI) 事件的有效性被证明.
- 成功的干预策略可能适应于面临类似与热有关的风险的其他职业环境.
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