开源混合大型语言模型集成系统,从自由文本临床笔记提取乳腺癌治疗途径
Amara Tariq1, Madhu Sikha1, Allison W Kurian2
1Department of Radiology, Mayo Clinic, Phoenix, AZ.
JCO clinical cancer informatics
|June 27, 2025
概括
这项研究引入了自动化乳腺癌治疗数据提取的新框架,提高了准确性和效率. 开发的模型有效地从临床笔记中提取纵向治疗时间表,帮助癌症研究.
科学领域:
- 医疗信息学 医疗信息学
- 在瘤学瘤学.
- 自然语言处理自然语言处理.
背景情况:
- 乳腺癌治疗数据的自动治愈对于基于证据的患者管理和治疗途径评估至关重要.
- 挑战包括复杂,不一致的临床数据和从自由文本叙述中提取信息.
研究的目的:
- 开发和验证混合信息提取框架,用于自动化,最小人参与度的乳腺癌治疗数据.
- 准确地从时间标记的临床笔记中提取纵向治疗时间表.
主要方法:
- 一个混合的,双相信息提取框架,结合了统一医疗语言系统解析器和微调的大型语言模型 (LLM).
- 该框架进行了端到端的训练,作为一个问答模型,以确定特定的癌症治疗方法.
- 内部验证26692名患者,外部验证来自不同机构的162名患者.
主要成果:
- 拟议的模型实现了0.942 (内部) 和0.924 (外部) 的平均AUROC.
- 与基于规则和结构化的代码方法相比,在灵敏度 (79.2%) 和特异性 (76.2%) 之间表现出更好的权衡.
- 现成的LLM显示出高特异性,但对于针对性临床任务的敏感性较低.
结论:
- 该框架有效地从各种临床笔记中提取时间癌症治疗信息,无论治疗设置或时间框架如何.
- 该代码以Docker图像的形式打包,以方便部署,并以开源学术许可证共享,以支持研究社区.
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