生成性人工智能在心理健康中的应用和伦理影响:系统审查
Xi Wang1, Yujia Zhou2, Guangyu Zhou1
1School of Psychological and Cognitive Sciences, Beijing Key Laboratory of Behavior and Mental Health, Key Laboratory of Machine Perception (Ministry of Education), Peking University, Beijing, China.
JMIR mental health
|June 27, 2025
概括
生成型人工智能 (GenAI) 在心理健康护理方面提供了有前途的进展,增强了诊断,治疗和临床医生支持. 然而,道德考虑和强有力的保障措施对于负责任的实施至关重要.
科学领域:
- 数字健康数字健康
- 人工智能在医学中的应用
- 心理健康保健技术 技术
背景情况:
- 心理健康障碍影响全球八分之一的人,面临着像可访问性,成本和耻辱感这样的障碍.
- 生成型人工智能 (GenAI) 提供实时语言理解和生成,为心理健康护理增强提供了新的途径.
研究的目的:
- 系统地审查GenAI在心理健康中的当前应用.
- 专注于三个核心领域:诊断和评估,治疗工具和临床医生支持.
- 识别和综合关键的伦理问题与精神健康的GenAI相关.
主要方法:
- 按照PRISMA 2020指南进行全面的文献搜索.
- 搜索的数据库包括PubMed,ACM数字图书馆,Scopus,Embase,PsycInfo和谷歌学者等.
- 分析了2019年10月至2024年9月期间发表的79项同行评审研究.
主要成果:
- 自2023年以来,GenAI心理健康研究的大幅增长.
- 诊断/评估 (47%) 专注于检测抑郁和自杀倾向;治疗应用 (25%) 探索聊天机器人以获得有限的现实世界部署的支持.
- 临床医生支持 (30%) 涉及决策,文档和培训,在所有领域都报告了一致的伦理问题.
- 提出了GenAI4MH道德框架,用于在心理健康中负责任地使用GenAI.
结论:
- 基因人工智能对增加心理健康服务,提高诊断准确性,可访问性和减少临床医生的负担具有重大承诺.
- 伦理实施需要全面的保障措施,特别是关于数据隐私,算法偏见和用户安全.
- 基因人工智能可以增强传统的心理健康方法,但需要谨慎的治理才能有效和负责任地整合.
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