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超越平面:鱼群采用3D中的梯子构成
Hungtang Ko1, Abigail Girma2, Yangfan Zhang3
1Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Princeton University, Princeton, USA.
Scientific reports
|June 27, 2025
概括
鱼群很少形成预期的钻石形状,更喜欢动态的3D排列,如垂直的"梯形". 这挑战了关于集体动物行为和鱼群中的水力动力效率的传统观点.
科学领域:
- 动物集体行为 动物集体行为
- 鱼类学 鱼类学 鱼类学
- 流体动力学 流体动力学
背景情况:
- 经典模型预测鱼群采用平面钻石构造,以提高水力动力效率.
- 关于鱼群形成的先前研究是有限的,关于它们在现实世界中应用的争论仍在进行中.
研究的目的:
- 研究自由游泳鱼群采用的三维构造.
- 为了确定鱼群是否在自然环境中保持理想的平面钻石构成.
主要方法:
- 在10个小时内追踪极化巨型鱼 (Devario aequipinnatus) 的学校.
- 分析鱼之间的距离和相对位置,以确定鱼群.
- 量化不同形式的流行,包括平面和非平面的安排.
主要成果:
- 鱼群很少保持水平的平面形状 (只有25.2%的对).
- 在不到0.1%的中观察到经典的钻石形成.
- 垂直"梯子形成"是最常见的,在79%的鱼对中观察到,并且在更高的速度下延长.
结论:
- 鱼群表现出动态的,三维的组织,而不是静态的平面构成.
- 在不坚持理想化的构造的情况下,可以实现水力动力学的好处.
- 这些发现需要对3D环境中的集体行为模型和水力动力学进行重新评估.
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