全球母婴健康倡议和计划 1974年至2023年
1Takeda Chair in Global Child Health, MARCH Centre, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, Keppel Street, London, UK. debrajackson@mweb.co.za.
全球母亲,新生儿和儿童健康 (MCH) 倡议已经发展了50多年,在减少死亡率方面取得了进展,但持续存在的不平等. 焦点已经从生存扩大到所有妇女和儿童的福祉,无论收入如何.
科学领域:
- 全球公共卫生 全球公共卫生
- 孕产妇,新生儿和儿童健康 (MCH)
- 国际卫生政策 国际卫生政策
背景情况:
- 在过去的五十年 (1974-2023) 见证了众多全球性母亲,新生儿和儿童健康 (MCH) 倡议.
- 1978年"阿尔玛阿塔宣言"标志着一个关键时刻,强调了全球公共健康的初级医疗保健.
研究的目的:
- 审查全球MCH倡议,并确定从1974年到2023年的关键趋势.
- 分析MCH计划的演变及其对人口健康的影响.
主要方法:
- 将MCH倡议分为五类:会议/声明,调查,计划,数据倡议/工作组和伙伴关系/网络.
- 在过去的五十年中实施的50多个全球MCH计划的审查.
主要成果:
- 在减少MCH死亡率方面取得了显著进展,但仍然存在严重的不平等现象,由COVID-19,冲突和气候变化等全球挑战加剧.
- 关于选择性与综合性初级卫生保健 (PHC) 实施的持续辩论.
- 扩大MCH的重点,从生存 (Survive) 到儿童福利 (Thrive) 和终身方法 (Transform),包括先入为主的思维到青春期.
- 承认MCH问题在高收入国家 (HIC) 和中低收入国家 (LMIC) 的普遍相关性.
结论:
- 尽管MCH死亡率有所降低,但持续的不平等和新出现的全球威胁危及进展.
- 关于初级医疗保健 (PHC) 方法的辩论仍在继续,影响了计划设计和实施.
- MCH的范围已大幅扩大,针对更广泛的年龄段,并专注于整体福祉.
- 实现妇女和儿童的普遍健康和福祉需要在所有收入环境中持续全球MCH努力.
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