人类对地球产生的碳应力:综合数据集,地质学发现和后果
Matthias Jonas1, Rostyslav Bun2, Iryna Ryzha3
1Advancing Systems Analysis Program, International Institute for Applied Systems Analysis, 2361 Laxenburg, Austria.
The Science of the total environment
|June 28, 2025
概括
地球 地球 地球 地球 地球 地球
科学领域:
- 地球系统科学 地球系统科学
- 气候科学是气候科学.
- 地质物理学 地质物理学
背景情况:
- 人类活动,特别是自1850年以来的二氧化碳排放,对地球的大气,陆地和海洋系统造成了前所未有的压力.
- 传统的碳质量平衡观点可能低估了地球环境状况的严重性.
- 了解地球的风质 (压力-应变) 反应对于全面了解气候变化影响至关重要.
研究的目的:
- 从外太空观察员的学角度分析地球的碳气候反应.
- 量化人类对地球大气和陆地海洋子系统 (1850-2021) 施加的压力力.
- 通过分析其延迟时间的第二导数来研究地球系统动态的变化.
主要方法:
- 应用一种类理学模拟模型 (马克斯韦尔体) 来模拟大气-陆地-海洋系统的行为.
- 从人为二氧化碳排放中输入应力功率的量化.
- 计算系统延迟时间的二次时间导数,以识别动态转移.
主要成果:
- 从1850年到2021年,人类对地球子系统的量化压力力.
- 确定了1925年至1945年间地球系统动态的关键转折点,以延迟时间的最大减速率表示.
- 观察到,陆海子系统现在响应在其自然状态之外,表明它与历史行为有显著的偏离.
结论:
- 自20世纪中叶以来,地球系统一直处于缓慢的生命终结轨迹上,其特点是变化的动态.
- 系统不一定是崩的,但它越来越容易受到来自较小事件的级联故障的影响.
- 浮力学视角揭示了整个大气-陆地-海洋系统对超越值事件的高度脆弱性.
相关概念视频
Global Climate Change
24.8K
Throughout its ~4.5 billion year history, the Earth has experienced periods of warming and cooling. However, the current drastic increase in global temperatures is well outside of the Earth’s cyclic norms, and evidence for human-caused global climate change is compelling. Paleoclimatology, the study of ancient climate conditions, provides ample evidence for human-caused global climate change by comparing recent conditions with those in the past.
24.8K
The Carbon Cycle
40.0K
Carbon is the basis of all organic matter on Earth, and is recycled through the ecosystem in two primary processes: one in which carbon is exchanged among living organisms, and one in which carbon is cycled over long periods of time through fossilized organic remains, weathering of rocks, and volcanic activity. Human activities, including increased agricultural practices and the burning of fossil fuels, has greatly affected the balance of the natural carbon cycle.
40.0K
Threats to Biodiversity
23.0K
There have been five major extinction events throughout geological history, resulting in the elimination of biodiversity, followed by a rebound of species that adapted to the new conditions. In the current geological epoch, the Holocene, there is a sixth extinction event in progress. This mass extinction has been attributed to human activities and is thus provisionally called the Anthropocene. In 2019 the human population reached 7.7 billion people and is projected to comprise 10 billion by...
23.0K
Adaptations that Reduce Water Loss
26.4K
Though evaporation from plant leaves drives transpiration, it also results in loss of water. Because water is critical for photosynthetic reactions and other cellular processes, evolutionary pressures on plants in different environments have driven the acquisition of adaptations that reduce water loss.
26.4K
Stress Concentrations
310
The concept of stress concentration is crucial for understanding how materials respond under bending stresses, particularly when there are irregularities or discontinuities in the material's geometry. Normally, stress in a symmetric member subjected to pure bending is assumed to be uniformly distributed across the entire cross-section. However, this assumption does not hold when there are variations in the cross-sectional geometry or the presence of notches and holes.
The stress...
The stress...
310
What is Climate?
19.0K
Climate refers to the prevailing weather conditions in a specific area over an extended period. As the saying goes, “Climate is what you expect. Weather is what you get.” Climate is influenced by geographic factors, such as latitude, terrain, and proximity to bodies of water.
19.0K


