可解释的,联合的深度学习模型预测皮肤状细胞癌的疾病进展风险
Juan I Pisula1,2, Doris Helbig3, Lucas Sancéré1,2
1Institute for Biomedical Informatics, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, Köln, Germany.
NPJ precision oncology
|June 28, 2025
概括
使用基于变压器的深度学习模型改进了预测皮肤状细胞癌 (cSCC) 的进展. 这种人工智能方法分析了组织病理学幻灯片,增强了个性化癌症护理和二次预防的风险分层.
科学领域:
- 计算病理学计算病理学
- 人工智能在瘤学中的应用
- 数字组织病理学 数字组织病理学
背景情况:
- 准确预测癌症患者的疾病进展对于个性化医学和二次预防至关重要.
- 目前皮肤状细胞癌 (cSCC) 的风险分层系统在预测准确性方面存在局限性.
- 深度学习模型为改善患者风险预测提供了潜力,但它们的解释性往往有限.
研究的目的:
- 开发和验证一种基于变压器的深度学习模型,用于使用组织病理学幻灯片预测cSCC进展.
- 通过联合学习来增强模型的通用性和解决隐私问题.
- 调查深度学习模型的可解释性,以确定预测性遗传病理特征.
主要方法:
- 基于变压器的深度学习模型的开发,利用cSCC患者的诊断组织病理幻灯片.
- 最初的模型培训和验证在持久测试套件上.
- 在三个临床中心实施的联合学习方法,以提高概括性和隐私.
- 解释性分析以确定与疾病进展相关的关键空间和形态特征.
主要成果:
- 最初的模型在测试组中实现了0.92的接收器运行特征曲线下的面积 (AUROC),在外部验证队伍中平均AUROC为0.65.
- 联合学习方法导致所有队伍的AUROC为0.82.
- 基于图像的风险评分与进展有显著的关联,在多变量分析中,危险率高达7.42 (p < 0.01).
- 解释性分析强调了瘤边界特征和组织异质性作为cSCC进展的预测因素.
结论:
- 在常规组织病理学幻灯片上训练的基于变压器的深度学习模型可以有效地预测cSCC的进展.
- 联合学习提高了模型性能和通用性,同时保护了患者的隐私.
- 该模型提供了对cSCC进展的生物学见解,识别了关键的组织病理特征.
- 这种方法促进了跨临床中心的部署,以改善二次预防和对cSCC的理解.
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