慢性疾病和风险因素在多种族小组中的流行:加利福尼亚州,2014-2023年
Tracy Lam-Hine1, Michelle C Odden1, Aliya Saperstein2,3
1Stanford University School of Medicine, Department of Epidemiology and Population Health.
medRxiv : the preprint server for health sciences
|June 30, 2025
概括
公共卫生数据经常将多种族的成年人分为组,隐藏着重大的健康差异. 分类数据显示多种族子组之间的健康差异很大,这对于有针对性的预防策略至关重要.
科学领域:
- 公共卫生 公共卫生
- 健康差异 在健康上的差异
- 社会学 社会学 社会学
背景情况:
- 多种族成年人是美国日益增长的人口.
- 当前的公共卫生数据经常汇总多种族的个人或将他们分配到单一种族的类别.
- 这种聚合掩盖了多种族子组之间的关键健康差异,阻碍了有针对性的预防工作.
研究的目的:
- 估计28个健康指标在种族和民族群体的流行率,特别关注分类多种族子组.
- 突出多种族人口中的健康差异,这些差异通常被更广泛的数据聚合所掩盖.
主要方法:
- 对2014-2023年加州行为风险因素监测系统数据的分析 (n=100,177).
- 根据所有自我认同的种族对参与者进行分类,并聚合了少于50个个体的子组.
- 使用2020年加利福尼亚州人口普查数据,根据年龄和性别标准化流行率,计算相对标准误差,并使用调查加权方法进行比较.
主要成果:
- 在研究的28个健康结果中,多种族子组在24个健康结果中表现出最高的患病率.
- 特定的子群体,如美洲印第安人或阿拉斯加土著黑人和西班牙裔黑人白人成年人,患有慢性疾病,一般健康状况不佳和残疾的患病率最高.
- 亚洲多种族子组普遍患病率最低,尽管亚裔白人成年人并不总是代表最健康的群体. 多种族子组之间的健康差异在近一半的结果中超过了20个百分点.
结论:
- 多种族成年人之间存在显著的健康差异,这些差异被标准的数据聚合实践所掩盖.
- 如果没有分类数据,可能会忽略面临最高健康负担的子组.
- 公共卫生监测系统需要加强收集和报告分类种族和种族数据的能力,以告知有效的预防策略.
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