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在有或没有ADHD的临床评估儿童中,焦虑和工作记忆组件之间的关联
Carolyn L Marsh1, Fatou Gaye1, Enrique Cibrian1
1Department of Psychology, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL, United States.
Frontiers in psychiatry
|June 30, 2025
概括
儿童的焦虑与较差的语音短期记忆有关,但与其他工作记忆类型无关. 这种联系对于有或没有注意力缺陷/多动症障碍 (ADHD) 的儿童来说都是如此.
科学领域:
- 儿童心理学 儿童心理学
- 神经发育障碍 神经发育障碍
- 认知科学 认知科学
背景情况:
- 理论模型表明,工作记忆缺陷与儿童的焦虑有关,但经验证据不一致.
- 工作记忆和焦虑的复杂性,以及与注意力缺陷/多动障碍 (ADHD) 的频繁共发生,使研究复杂化.
- 众所周知,ADHD与显著的工作记忆障碍有关,因此需要在焦虑研究中考虑它.
研究的目的:
- 通过使用双因素建模,调查潜伏工作记忆和儿童焦虑子组件之间的关联.
- 为了检查这些关联是否在有或没有ADHD的儿童之间有所不同.
主要方法:
- 340名儿童 (8-13岁) 的样本,包括197名ADHD儿童的超标样本,经过仔细的表型化.
- 采用双因素建模来评估域一般和域特定的焦虑因素和工作记忆组件 (声学,中央执行,视觉空间) 之间的关系.
- 多组分析被用来比较患有ADHD和没有ADHD的儿童之间的发现.
主要成果:
- 总域焦虑与较差的语音短期记忆显著相关 (r = -0.22,p = 0.01).
- 在总域焦虑和中央执行或视觉空间短期记忆之间没有发现显著的关联.
- 特定领域的焦虑因素 (认知焦虑,生理兴奋) 并没有独特地预测任何工作记忆组件. 观察到的关联在ADHD和没有ADHD的儿童中是一致的.
结论:
- 研究结果表明,在儿童的语音短期记忆障碍中,涉及到域一般焦虑,而不是特定的担忧或兴奋.
- 该研究没有发现特定领域的焦虑方面与工作记忆组件之间的独特关系.
- 一般焦虑和语音短期记忆之间的关系在患有ADHD和没有ADHD的儿童中似乎是可比的,因此需要进一步调查.
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