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从野火中管理烟雾风险:北加州作为一个案例研究
Karina E Chung1, Tianjia Liu2, Makoto M Kelp3
1John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, United States.
Environmental science & technology
|June 30, 2025
概括
野火烟雾对公众健康构成重大威胁. 有针对性的土地管理策略,专注于高风险地区,可以减少细颗粒物 (PM2.5) 暴露和相关死亡.
科学领域:
- 环境科学 环境科学
- 公共卫生 公共卫生
- 林业林业 林业 林业 林业
背景情况:
- 野火烟雾,特别是细颗粒物 (PM2.5),由于野火频率的增加,在美国西部越来越严重的公共卫生问题.
- 目前的土地管理往往优先考虑野生土地与城市的界面,不太关注野火减轻对区域空气质量的影响.
研究的目的:
- 开发一个框架来量化野火对烟雾暴露的贡献.
- 评估有针对性的土地管理策略在减轻烟雾暴露和公共卫生影响方面的有效性.
- 为利益相关者提供一种工具,用于分析各种管理场景下的烟雾风险.
主要方法:
- 开发了一个数据驱动的框架,整合了火灾排放和烟雾传输,以创建0.25° × 0.25°分辨率的烟雾风险指数.
- 在一个在线工具中部署烟雾风险指数,让利益相关者根据燃烧面积,燃料消耗和土地管理来分析烟雾风险.
- 利用北加利福尼亚州作为一个案例研究来评估有针对性的土地管理的影响,并评估因野火烟雾而导致的过度死亡.
主要成果:
- 在北加利福尼亚州15个最高风险地区 (总数的3.5%) 进行有针对性的土地管理,可以在2020年将烟雾暴露率降低17.6%.
- 在2017-2020年期间,大多数处方的烧伤与已识别的高风险区域不一致,以减轻烟雾暴露.
- 美国西部的火灾与2020年火灾季节之后的一年全国约有36,400人因PM2.5暴露而过度死亡有关.
结论:
- 开发的框架和在线工具可以帮助利益相关者优先考虑燃料处理和灭火工作,以有效地减轻暴露在烟雾中的风险.
- 专注于高风险地区的战略土地管理提供了一种可行的方法,以减少野火烟雾对公共卫生的负担.
- 可以通过更高分辨率的数据来增强这种可适应的工具,以进一步完善烟雾风险评估和管理策略.
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