皮层激活模式到语言不同于两个年龄组的老年人
Yarden Aronson1, Yael Zaltz1,2
1The Department of Communication Disorders, Steyer School of Health Professions, Grey Faculty of Medical & Health Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Israel.
概括
与年轻的老年人相比,非常老的成年人表现出不同的语音感知大脑活动,由于认知能力下降,更多地依赖语义处理. 这凸显了需要量身定制的听力康复.
科学领域:
- 神经科学是一个神经科学.
- 老年学是一门学科.
- 语音和听力科学 语言和听力科学
背景情况:
- 语音感知整合了感官,认知和语言功能,随着年龄的增长而下降.
- 关于语音噪音 (SIN) 感知的研究往往排除了非常老年人 (80-91岁).
- 这一人口群正在快速增长,需要对其独特挑战进行研究.
研究的目的:
- 调查与年龄相关的皮质激活模式的差异,在安静和杂的环境中,在语音感知过程中.
- 为了比较较较年轻的 (65-77岁) 和非常年长的 (80-91岁) 成年人之间的神经反应.
- 评估SIN识别和相关的认知和听觉能力的行为表现.
主要方法:
- 功能近红外光谱学 (fNIRS) 用于测量皮质激活.
- 参与者在安静和杂的条件下完成了语言任务.
- 进行了SIN识别测试和听觉,认知和语言评估.
主要成果:
- 在年龄组之间观察到皮质激活模式的显著差异.
- 非常老的成年人显示左极区域 (语义处理) 的激活增加.
- 较年轻的成年人表现出左侧脊侧前额叶皮质 (执行功能) 的更大激活.
- 非常老的成年人在SIN识别方面表现更差,听觉分辨率,注意力和抑制能力下降.
结论:
- 高度衰老与语言处理中的独特神经适应有关.
- 由于功能下降,从执行控制依赖 (较少的老年人) 到语义处理 (非常老年人) 发生了转变.
- 需要针对特定年龄的听力康复策略,重点关注老年人残留能力.
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