测试水域:野生杀手 (Orcinus orca) 试图为人类 (智人) 提供食物
Jared R Towers1, Ingrid N Visser2, Vanessa Prigollini3
1Bay Cetology.
概括
杀手 (Orcinus orca) 通过在四大海洋中为人类提供猎物和物品,表现出罕见的利他主义行为. 这些相互作用表明了跨物种的一般化利他主义和智力的潜在融合进化.
科学领域:
- 海洋生物学 海洋生物学
- 伦理学 伦理学 伦理学
- 动物行为 动物行为
背景情况:
- 像分享猎物这样的亲社会行为对于互惠和社会规范的演变至关重要.
- 虽然发生了物种间的相互作用,但野生掠食者故意提供人类是非常罕见的.
- 虎 (Orcinus orca) 是一种高度社交的海洋哺乳动物,以其复杂的行为而闻名.
研究的目的:
- 记录和分析杀手向人类提供猎物和其他物品的案例.
- 调查这些互动的性质,可能代表了普遍的利他主义.
- 探索对理解跨物种智能和行为趋同的含义.
主要方法:
- 系统审查和记录了34个报告的杀手-人类供应事件的案例.
- 基于人类位置 (船,水,岸) 和提供的项目来对互动进行分类.
- 分析鱼对人类存在和反应的反应.
主要成果:
- 在四个海洋记录了34起案件,涉及各种年龄和性别的杀手.
- 18种物种 (鱼类,哺乳动物,无脊椎动物,鸟类,爬行动物,海藻) 的多样性被提供.
- 鱼通常会等待人类的反应,这表明它们有故意和潜在的探索性互动.
结论:
- 观察到的杀手的供应行为表明了跨物种的一般化利他主义.
- 这些事件代表了野生捕食者故意探索人类行为的新奇实例.
- 这些发现可能突出了杀手和其他高度智能的物种 (如灵长类动物和海豚) 之间的智力的融合进化.
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