在肯尼亚成年人中,精神和物质使用问题的患病率和相关因素:基于社区的横截面研究
Patrick Nzivo Mwangala1, Anita Kerubo1, Millicent Makandi1
1Institute for Human Development, Aga Khan University, Nairobi, Kenya.
PLOS global public health
|June 30, 2025
概括
肯尼亚妇女中患有抑郁症和焦虑症等心理健康问题普遍存在,而男性的酒精和毒品使用率更高. 有针对性的干预措施至关重要,考虑到心理健康需求的性别和位置差异.
科学领域:
- 公共卫生 公共卫生
- 心理健康研究 心理健康研究
- 药物使用研究 药物使用研究
背景情况:
- 关于肯尼亚非正式定居点妇女中精神和物质使用障碍的患病率和决定因素的数据有限.
- 这种稀缺性阻碍了在这些脆弱人群中制定有效的预防和治疗策略.
研究的目的:
- 为了确定与男性伴侣相比,女性患抑郁症,焦虑症和创伤后应激障碍 (PTSD) 症状以及酒精和药物使用问题的患病率.
- 检查与这些精神和物质使用结果相关的相关性,在肯尼亚的城市和农村非正式定居点.
主要方法:
- 2022年在肯尼亚的蒙巴萨,克瓦莱和内罗毕县进行了一项横截面调查.
- 1528名成年人 (1048名女性) 参与,填写了关于心理健康和物质使用的验证问卷.
- 使用后勤回归分析来确定精神和物质使用问题的相关性.
主要成果:
- 抑郁症 (28%对22%) 和焦虑症状 (12%对8%) 的患病率在女性中高于男性;男性的酒精 (15%对4%) 和药物使用率 (12%对2%) 较高.
- 在女性中,心理健康问题的相关性包括压力生活事件,城市居住和社会经济因素;在男性中,性虐待和生活条件显著.
- 社会支持,更高的福祉,年龄较大,运动和收入是两性心理健康的保护因素.
结论:
- 精神和物质使用问题,特别是女性的抑郁和焦虑症状和男性的物质使用,在研究区域非常普遍.
- 干预措施必须以性别和地点为特征,强调与初级保健和多元组件策略的整合.
- 解决社会经济决定因素和促进社会支持等保护因素对于改善心理健康结果至关重要.
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