人口状况,污水基础设施不足,电子废物回收不良 城市热带河流
Emmanuel Ansah1, Christopher Gordon1, Stephen E Bartell2,3
1University of Ghana, Institute for Environment and Sanitation Studies, Legon, Ghana.
Environmental toxicology and chemistry
|July 1, 2025
概括
热带城市河流,如加纳的Odaw河,由于废水处理和电子垃圾的不足,造成了高水平的污染物,特别是下游. 气候变化模糊了季节性差异,影响了水质.
科学领域:
- 环境科学 环境科学
- 评估水质水质的评估.
- 热带河流生态学 热带河流生态学
背景情况:
- 全球南方的城市河流与全球北方的同行相比,在污染物压力方面研究不足.
- 气候,人口,农业和工业差异限制了将温带气候河流研究应用于热带地区.
- 不同的热带河流污染物概况需要区域特定的研究才能有效地保护.
研究的目的:
- 调查加纳Odaw河的污染物存在和负载,这是一个代表性的热带城市河流.
- 为了比较干旱和潮湿季节的表面和地下水位的污染物水平.
- 识别关键的污染源,了解它们的空间和时间分布.
主要方法:
- 在Odaw河沿线的8个地表水和4个地下水站点采样.
- 对营养素,有机物质,激素 (如雌激素) 和重金属 (如铜,,) 的分析.
- 在干旱和潮湿季节进行评估,以捕捉时间变化.
主要成果:
- 下游地区的污染物负载最高,经常超过世界卫生组织 (WHO) 的饮用水准则.
- 营养素和雌激素度特别高,表明废水处理不足.
- 电子废物回收活动与下游铜和含量升高相关.
- 污染仍然存在,这表明土壤是一个重要的污染储存库.
- 与地表水相比,地下水的污染水平较低.
结论:
- 热带城市河流的污染源和命运与温带地区有很大不同.
- 废水处理基础设施不足是高污染物度的主要驱动因素.
- 电子废物和遗留的污染对河流生态系统构成相当大的风险.
- 气候变化影响着季节性水质变化,需要适应性管理策略.
- 建立基线数据和改善废水基础设施对于在人口增长和气候变化中维护热带城市河流健康至关重要.
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