人类猎人和大型食肉动物的风险模式对比,影响了共同猎物的息地选择
G Ausilio1, C Wikenros2, H Sand2
1Faculty of Applied Ecology, Agricultural Sciences and Biotechnology, University of Inland Norway, Campus Evenstad, 2480, Koppang, Norway. Giorgia.ausilio@inn.no.
Oecologia
|July 1, 2025
概括
斯堪的纳维亚的鹿主要在白天和狩猎季节避开人类狩猎区,但不会冒狼掠食风险. 人类的狩猎显著影响着鹿的息地选择,而不是自然的捕食者.
科学领域:
- 生态生态学 生态生态学
- 野生动物生物学 野生动物生物学
- 保护科学 保护科学
背景情况:
- 人类的狩猎和大型食肉动物的捕食对猎物物种造成了明显的风险.
- 猎物物种可能会改变它们的息地选择和反捕食者行为,以应对不同的风险.
- 了解这些动态在人类主导的生态系统中至关重要.
研究的目的:
- 调查鹿 (Alces alces) 的息地选择如何受到来自狼 (Canis lupus) 和人类猎人的风险的季节和季节性变化的影响.
- 为了比较人类狩猎风险与狼掠夺风险对鹿行为的影响.
- 评估景观和时间因素在调解这些风险中的作用.
主要方法:
- 利用了17只雌鹿的GPS数据,在南中斯堪的纳维亚两个秋冬季 (2018-2020) 期间跟踪.
- 量化掠食风险使用来自已知的狼和猎人杀戮地点的空间模型.
- 应用了资源选择函数和通用添加混合模型来分析鹿息地选择模式.
主要成果:
- 鹿在整个狩猎季节的白天时间显著避免高风险的狩猎区域.
- 这种避开行为在夜间减少,并在狩猎季结束后停止.
- 没有观察到鹿息地使用的明显调整,以应对狼掠食风险的季节或季节性变化.
结论:
- 在研究期间,人类狩猎压力是影响鼠息地选择的主要因素.
- 鹿的行为表明,与狼的掠夺风险相比,它们对人为风险的敏感性更大.
- 这些发现强调了人类活动对受管理的景观中的猎物行为和掠食者-猎物动态的影响.
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