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相关概念视频

CRISPR01:59

CRISPR

53.0K
Genome editing technologies allow scientists to modify an organism’s DNA via the addition, removal, or rearrangement of genetic material at specific genomic locations. These types of techniques could potentially be used to cure genetic disorders such as hemophilia and sickle cell anemia. One popular and widely used DNA-editing research tool that could lead to safe and effective cures for genetic disorders is the CRISPR-Cas9 system. CRISPR-Cas9 stands for Clustered Regularly Interspaced...
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CRISPR and crRNAs02:53

CRISPR and crRNAs

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Bacteria and archaea are susceptible to viral infections just like eukaryotes; therefore, they have developed a unique adaptive immune system to protect themselves. Clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats and CRISPR-associated proteins (CRISPR-Cas) are present in more than 45% of known bacteria and 90% of known archaea.
The CRISPR-Cas system stores a copy of foreign DNA in the host genome and uses it to identify the foreign DNA upon reinfection. CRISPR-Cas has three different...
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CRISPR/Cas9 Genome Editing01:28

CRISPR/Cas9 Genome Editing

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The CRISPR-Cas system serves as a bacterial defense mechanism against invading genetic elements such as viruses and plasmids, forming the foundation for its adaptation as a powerful genome-editing tool. Originally discovered in prokaryotes, this system has been repurposed to revolutionize genetic engineering across a wide range of organisms, including plants, animals, and humans. The core component, Cas9, is an endonuclease derived from Streptococcus pyogenes, capable of introducing...
343
The Antiviral System of Bacteria and Archaea: CRISPR01:23

The Antiviral System of Bacteria and Archaea: CRISPR

135
CRISPR stands for Clustered Regularly Interspaced Short Palindromic Repeats is a adaptive immune system found in bacteria and archaea that protects against viral infections. This system enables prokaryotic cells to identify, remember, and neutralize foreign genetic elements, primarily bacteriophages, by storing fragments of the invader’s DNA as a genetic memory.The CRISPR immune response begins during an initial infection. Cas (CRISPR-associated) proteins play a central role in this...
135
Conservative Site-specific Recombination and Phase Variation02:53

Conservative Site-specific Recombination and Phase Variation

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Because the DNA segments are cut and reorganized in a direction-specific manner, site-specific recombination has emerged as an efficient genetic engineering technique. Flippase and Cyclization recombinases or Flp and Cre, respectively, are two members of the tyrosine recombinase family derived from bacteriophages, that are used to mediate site-specific DNA insertions, deletions, and targeted expression of proteins in mammalian cell lines.
The recognition sites for Cre recombinase called LoxP...
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Homologous Recombination02:31

Homologous Recombination

52.6K
The basic reaction of homologous recombination (HR) involves two chromatids that contain DNA sequences sharing a significant stretch of identity. One of these sequences uses a strand from another as a template to synthesize DNA in an enzyme-catalyzed reaction. The final product is a novel amalgamation of the two substrates. To ensure an accurate recombination of sequences, HR is restricted to the S and G2 phases of the cell cycle. At these stages, the DNA has been replicated already and the...
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相关实验视频

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Gene Digital Circuits Based on CRISPR-Cas Systems and Anti-CRISPR Proteins
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Gene Digital Circuits Based on CRISPR-Cas Systems and Anti-CRISPR Proteins

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接近红外光可激活的化学诱导的CRISPR系统.

Lei Zhang1, Xuejun Zhang2, Le Qiu2

  • 1Center for Advanced Biomedical Imaging and Photonics, Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard University, Boston, MA, USA. lzhang11@bidmc.harvard.edu.

Light, science & applications
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概括

研究人员使用近红外光开发了一种新的光可激活的CRISPR系统. 这种先进的CRISPR技术最大限度地减少了非目标效应,使得医学中的基因编辑更安全.

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科学领域:

  • 生物技术是生物技术.
  • 分子生物学分子生物学
  • 基因编辑 基因编辑

背景情况:

  • 由于非目标效应,CRISPR基因编辑技术在医学应用中面临局限性.
  • 当前光可激活的CRISPR系统通常需要紫外线或蓝光,限制组织透,并引发安全问题.
  • 现有的长波长系统表现出缓慢激活或生物相容性问题.

研究的目的:

  • 开发一种可通过光激活的新型CRISPR系统,用于精确的时空控制基因激活.
  • 克服现有的光可激活CRISPR系统的局限性,特别是关于光透深度和安全性的局限性.
  • 创建一个多功能和生物相容的CRISPR激活方法,用于体内应用.

主要方法:

  • 开发了一种通过近红外可光分裂的二分化复合体激活的分裂-Cas9/dCas9系统.
  • 使用近红外光进行光激活,使其能够比紫外线或蓝光更深入地穿透组织.
  • 测试了系统在各种细胞类型中快速,空间精确的激活.

主要成果:

  • 开发的系统允许在人体内安全的体内应用.
  • 近红外光激活方法可以适应不同的Cas9/dCas9分裂系统.
  • 在各种细胞类型中实现了CRISPR的快速和空间精确的光激活.

结论:

  • 新的近红外光激活CRISPR系统为基因编辑提供了更安全,更有效的方法.
  • 这项技术通过能够精确地控制CRISPR激活的空间和时间来显著减少非目标效应.
  • 该系统有望推动基于CRISPR的治疗方法和生物医学研究.