通过LLM生成的信息可以在政策问题上说服人类
Hui Bai1,2, Jan G Voelkel3,4,5, Shane Muldowney3
1Politics and Social Change Lab, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA. maxhuibai@politicalbelieflab.com.
Nature communications
|July 2, 2025
概括
生成型人工智能 (AI) 可以制作有说服力的政治信息. 大型语言模型 (LLM) 有效地影响人类对政策的态度,与人类能力相匹配.
科学领域:
- 人工智能的人工智能
- 政治科学 政治科学是指政治学.
- 沟通研究 沟通研究
背景情况:
- 大型语言模型 (LLM) 代表了生成人工智能 (AI) 的重大进步.
- 人工智能对更高层次的认知任务的能力对包括政治在内的各种部门产生了广泛的影响.
- 人工智能产生的内容可能影响公众论的可能性越来越令人担忧.
研究的目的:
- 调查公开可用的LLM在产生有说服力的政治信息方面的有效性.
- 确定LLM生成的信息是否可以显著改变人类的政治态度.
- 为了比较LLM产生的信息与人造信息的说服力.
主要方法:
- 进行了三项预先注册的实验,共有4829名参与者.
- 暴露参与者通过LLM和控制信息生成的说服性信息.
- 测量了参与者对各种政策的态度变化,包括两极分化的问题.
主要成果:
- 与对照组相比,暴露于LLM生成消息的参与者表现出明显更大的态度变化.
- 在影响政策态度方面,LLM产生的信息与人类撰写的信息相对有效.
- 信息作者对信息的看法不同:LLM信息与事实和逻辑的感知使用有关,而人类信息与原创性有关.
结论:
- 开源的LLM可以快速,负担得起,并在规模上产生政治上有说服力的内容.
- 人工智能驱动的消息传递在政治沟通和态度操纵方面呈现出新的前沿.
- 了解人工智能与人类生成的内容之间的独特的说服力途径至关重要.
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