在奥米克朗时代,免疫历史和自然感染保护
Hiam Chemaitelly1,2, Houssein H Ayoub3, Niklas Bobrovitz4,5
1Infectious Disease Epidemiology Group, Weill Cornell Medicine-Qatar, Cornell University, Doha, Qatar. hsc2001@qatar-med.cornell.edu.
Communications medicine
|July 2, 2025
概括
之前的SARS-CoV-2感染和疫苗接种史影响奥米克朗再感染风险. 微粒前感染增加了保护,但重复暴露可能会降低它.
科学领域:
- 免疫学 免疫学 免疫学
- 传染性疾病 传染性疾病
- 流行病学 流行病学
背景情况:
- 以前的免疫事件可以显著改变一个人对未来感染的易感性和反应.
- 了解不同严重急性呼吸道综合征冠状病毒2 (SARS-CoV-2) 感染史如何影响对奥米克朗变种再感染的保护,对于公共卫生战略至关重要.
研究的目的:
- 调查天然SARS-CoV-2感染史,包括疫苗接种状态,对防止随后的奥米克朗再感染的影响.
- 为了比较不同感染史的欧米克朗再感染的发生率:欧米克朗双重感染,单次欧米克朗感染和前欧米克朗随后的欧米克朗感染.
主要方法:
- 在卡塔尔进行了三个匹配的,回顾性的国家队列研究.
- 在不同SARS-CoV-2感染序列和疫苗接种状态的个体中,对Omicron再感染的比较发病率.
- 利用调整后的危险比率 (aHR) 来量化定义的队列中再感染的风险.
主要成果:
- 患有两次奥米克朗感染的人与患有单次奥米克朗感染的人相比,再次感染的风险更高 (aHR=1.27,接种疫苗:1.34).
- 欧米克朗双重感染队伍的复发风险也高于前欧米克朗-欧米克朗双重感染队伍的复发风险 (aHR=1.37,接种疫苗: 1.42).
- 在前omicron-omicron双重感染队列和omicron单次感染队列 (aHR=0.97) 之间,对OMICRON再感染的保护是可比的,未接种疫苗的个人显示风险降低 (aHR=0.75).
结论:
- 一个人的SARS-CoV-2感染史和疫苗接种状况极大地影响了他们对Omicron再感染的免疫保护.
- 以往感染了前omicron变异,随后感染了omicron,似乎可以增强对后续omicron再感染的保护.
- 同一个变种 (omicron) 的重复感染可能导致对新变种的保护性降低.
更多相关视频
09:02Infection of Primary Nasal Epithelial Cells Grown at an Air-Liquid Interface to Characterize Human Coronavirus-Host Interactions
Published on: September 22, 2023
1.6K
06:03Author Spotlight: Advancing Immune Monitoring in Critical Care Patients Using Whole Blood Assays
Published on: September 20, 2024
1.4K
相关概念视频
01:26Factors Affecting the Risk of Infection
12.3K
The hosts' susceptibility to infection depends on several factors. The integrity of the skin and mucous membranes helps protect the body against microbial attacks. When the skin is altered, the chance of infection, limb loss, and even death increases.
The integrity and count of the white blood cells help the body resist pathogens and fight infection. When impaired, it reduces the body's resistance to pathogens. The acidic pH levels of the gastrointestinal, genitourinary tracts, and skin...
The integrity and count of the white blood cells help the body resist pathogens and fight infection. When impaired, it reduces the body's resistance to pathogens. The acidic pH levels of the gastrointestinal, genitourinary tracts, and skin...
12.3K
01:23Immunological Memory
5.9K
Immunological memory, a pivotal pillar of the adaptive immune system, is responsible for the body's ability to remember and respond more swiftly and effectively to previously encountered pathogens. This remarkable feature is what makes vaccines so effective in preventing diseases.
What is Immunological Memory?
Immunological memory is an integral function of the immune system that allows it to recognize and react more rapidly and effectively to pathogens previously encountered. This feature...
What is Immunological Memory?
Immunological memory is an integral function of the immune system that allows it to recognize and react more rapidly and effectively to pathogens previously encountered. This feature...
5.9K
01:26Defense Mechanism Against Infection
7.3K
Natural flora, body system defenses, and inflammation are natural barriers of the body against infectious agents regardless of previous exposure. Normal floras of the human body refer to the microbial population that colonizes the skin and mucous membranes.
In addition, many body organ systems have unique defenses against infection. The skin is an intact, multilayered surface preventing invasion by microorganisms unless impaired. Mucous membranes lining the mouth, nose, and eyelids are barriers...
In addition, many body organ systems have unique defenses against infection. The skin is an intact, multilayered surface preventing invasion by microorganisms unless impaired. Mucous membranes lining the mouth, nose, and eyelids are barriers...
7.3K
01:29Immune Response Against Viral Pathogens
934
The immune system's response to viral infections is a complex and coordinated process involving natural killer (NK) cells, T cell-mediated responses, and antibody-mediated responses.
NK Cells
NK cells are a crucial part of our innate immune system, acting as the first line of defense against viral infections. These cells can recognize and kill infected cells without prior exposure to the virus, effectively slowing down the spread of infection. Additionally, NK cells produce proinflammatory...
NK Cells
NK cells are a crucial part of our innate immune system, acting as the first line of defense against viral infections. These cells can recognize and kill infected cells without prior exposure to the virus, effectively slowing down the spread of infection. Additionally, NK cells produce proinflammatory...
934
01:21Introduction to Innate and Adaptive Immunity
5.3K
The human immune system is a complex defense mechanism that protects the body from harmful pathogens and foreign substances. It comprises two crucial components: innate and adaptive immunity.
Innate immunity is the body's natural, nonspecific defense system that acts quickly to protect against pathogens. It incorporates physical barriers like skin and mucous membranes and cellular elements such as phagocytes and natural killer cells. This part of our immune system provides an immediate,...
Innate immunity is the body's natural, nonspecific defense system that acts quickly to protect against pathogens. It incorporates physical barriers like skin and mucous membranes and cellular elements such as phagocytes and natural killer cells. This part of our immune system provides an immediate,...
5.3K
01:38What is the Immune System?
116.9K
Overview
116.9K