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通过挤出加工的法瓦豆成分的功能和营养特性
I Jebalia1, G Della Valle2, D Dupont3
1INRAE, UR 1268 Biopolymers Interactions and Assemblies (BIA), 44316 Nantes, France; INRAE, l'Institut Agro Rennes-Angers, UMR 1253 STLO, Rennes, France.
Food research international (Ottawa, Ont.)
|July 2, 2025
概括
包括亚麻种在内的法瓦豆成分的双螺杆挤出改变了功能性质. 低特异性机械能量 (SME) 挤出优化蛋白质成分,以改善营养和功能特性.
科学领域:
- 食品科学与技术 食品科学与技术
- 植物性成分 植物性成分
- 挤出加工 挤出加工
背景情况:
- 法瓦豆的成分 (面粉,粉,蛋白质缩物) 是有价值的食物来源.
- 挤出加工可以改变食品成分的功能和营养特性.
- 亚麻的加入可以提高食品的脂肪酸特征.
研究的目的:
- 调查双螺丝挤压在各种特定机械能 (SME) 水平对豆成分的影响.
- 为了评估亚麻粉加入对挤出法瓦豆成分的功能和营养特性的影响.
- 确定最佳的挤出条件,以结构化和增强豆蛋白成分.
主要方法:
- 双螺丝挤出法瓦豆面粉,粉和蛋白质缩剂在100-3300kJ/kg的中小企业水平.
- 将亚麻粉 (20-70%) 加入到挤出产品中.
- 分析物理性质 (散装密度,颜色,形态) 和功能性质 (水溶性,粘合,乳化).
- 在体外蛋白质水解 (INFOGEST方法) 和素抑制剂活性的评估.
主要成果:
- 挤出改变了法瓦豆成分的散装密度,轻度和细胞壁形态.
- 富含粉的挤出物显示出增加的水溶性和减少的粘合性能;富含蛋白质的成分受到的影响较小.
- 与非挤出成分相比,挤出成分导致了较大的乳液液滴大小,这与蛋白质溶解率降低有关.
- 观察到体外蛋白质水解 (66-84%) 和低素抑制剂活性 (<5 mg/g),不受挤出的影响.
- 亚麻加入并没有显著改变营养特性.
结论:
- 挤出加工显著改变了法瓦豆成分的功能性质,其影响因成分类型和SME而异.
- 低SME挤出 (<500 kJ/kg) 有效地结构蛋白质成分,同时优化其功能和营养属性.
- 挤出的豆成分,特别是与低SME的亚麻种子相结合时,为开发增强的植物性食品产品提供了潜力.
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