社区护理对老年人的主观福祉:来自CLASS数据的证据
1School of Labor Relations, Shandong Management University, Jinan, 250357, China. jinfulei1992@163.com.
BMC nursing
|July 2, 2025
概括
社区护理通过改善健康,社会参与和身份,显著提高了老年人的主观福祉 (SWB). 这种干预对脆弱的老年人群特别有益,解决了传统家庭护理的下降问题.
科学领域:
- 老年学与公共卫生
- 社会科学和医疗保健政策 社会科学和医疗保健政策
背景情况:
- 全球人口老龄化需要新的老年护理方法.
- 传统的家庭护理结构正在减少,增加了对社区支持的需求.
- 主观幸福感 (SWB) 是老年人生活质量的关键指标.
研究的目的:
- 研究社区护理对中国老年人的主观幸福感 (SWB) 的影响.
- 探索社区护理影响SWB的潜在机制.
- 检查各种老年人子组社区护理有效性的潜在差异.
主要方法:
- 利用了2018年和2020年中国纵向老龄化社会调查 (CLASS) 的微组数据.
- 采用固定效应模型进行基准回归和两阶段最小平方 (2SLS) 来解决内质性问题.
- 通过使用变量/样本替换和倾向分数匹配 (PSM) 进行了稳定性测试,并进行了调解效应分析.
主要成果:
- 社区护理被发现可以增加老年人SWB的0.101标准偏差.
- 这些机制包括健康状况的改善 (0.029/0.003/0.006),社会参与 (0.014),以及社会认同 (0.018/0.012).
- 社区护理对弱势群体的影响更为明显:低收入群体 (0.145),教育程度低 (0.092),农村居民 (0.447) 和没有孩子生活的人 (0.296).
结论:
- 社区护理在通过多维机制和群体特异性影响来增强老年人SWB方面发挥着至关重要的作用.
- 建议为社区护士提供专业培训,重点关注健康评估,人文素质和沟通.
- 建议分层护理策略和针对弱势老年人群的定制干预措施.
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