哈萨克斯坦接种疫苗和免疫覆盖的障碍:使用COM-B框架进行混合方法研究
Lena Kassabekova1, Manar Smagul2, Gaukhar Nukenova2
1Scientific and Practical Center for Sanitary and Epidemiological Expertise, Astana, Kazakhstan.
Frontiers in public health
|July 2, 2025
概括
尽管改善了常规免疫接种,但哈萨克斯坦的疫苗犹情绪正在增加. 关键障碍包括个人信仰,安全问题和不信任,影响儿童,COVID-19和HPV疫苗接种.
科学领域:
- 公共卫生 公共卫生
- 流行病学 流行病学
- 社会科学 社会科学 社会科学
背景情况:
- 对于疫苗的犹是一个重大的公共卫生挑战,影响免疫率并增加可预防疾病的风险.
- 了解影响疫苗接受的因素对于设计有效的公共卫生干预措施至关重要.
- 这项研究调查了哈萨克斯坦的免疫覆盖率,疫苗犹和接种障碍,涉及日常儿童,COVID-19和HPV疫苗接种计划.
研究的目的:
- 分析2020年至2022年哈萨克斯坦当前免疫覆盖率趋势.
- 识别和理解不同人口群体中疫苗犹和拒绝的主要驱动因素.
- 为了探索日常儿童,COVID-19和HPV疫苗接种的障碍.
主要方法:
- 一种混合方法方法,将量化国家免疫数据 (2020-2022) 与定性焦点小组讨论 (FGD) 结合起来.
- FGD涉及医疗保健工作者,未接种疫苗的老年人以及未接种疫苗的儿童和青少年女孩的照顾者.
- 对定性数据进行了主题分析,以确定疫苗犹和接受的关键主题.
主要成果:
- 常规免疫接种覆盖率在2022年有所改善,但整体拒绝接种疫苗的人数增加了2.62倍.
- 主要拒绝原因:个人信仰 (68%),安全问题 (54%) 和对医疗保健的不信任 (39%).
- 由于安全怀疑和阴谋论,老年人中COVID-19的犹程度很高;HPV的犹源于意识低和误解.
结论:
- 尽管在免疫覆盖率方面取得了进展,但疫苗犹仍然是哈萨克斯坦的一个关键障碍.
- 解决错误信息和加强医疗保健沟通对于提高疫苗接受度至关重要.
- 有针对性的教育活动对于建立公众对免疫计划的信任至关重要.
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