年轻人的认知亚型具有临床精神病高风险
Walid Yassin1,2, James B Green2,3, Matcheri Keshavan1,2
1Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.
Psychiatry and clinical neurosciences
|July 2, 2025
概括
这项研究在患有精神病临床高风险的年轻人中确定了两种认知亚型:受损和完整. 损伤群体的转化率更高,突出了针对性干预措施的需要.
科学领域:
- 神经科学是一个神经科学.
- 精神病学是一个精神病学.
- 认知科学 认知科学
背景情况:
- 识别患有精神病临床高风险 (CHR) 个体的独特认知特征对于了解疾病轨迹至关重要.
- 认知缺陷在CHR人群中很常见,可以预测结果.
研究的目的:
- 在大量临床高风险患精神病的年轻人中识别和表征不同的认知亚型.
- 使用独立数据集验证这些亚型,并检查它们与临床,功能和转化结果的关系.
主要方法:
- 对来自CHR个体和健康对照的两个大型独立样本 (NAPLS-2和NAPLLS-3) 的认知指标进行了集群分析.
- 认知,临床和功能轨迹在24个月内在已识别的集群中进行了比较,包括对精神病转化率的分析.
主要成果:
- 在CHR年轻人中发现了两个认知集群:"受损"组和"完整"组.
- 与对照组相比,受损组的精神病转化率更高,语言能力,注意力和工作记忆的基线差异更大.
- 虽然受损组在注意力和工作记忆方面表现出"赶上",但完整组中的转换者表现出注意力和功能下降.
结论:
- 在临床上患精神病高风险的个体中存在不同的认知亚型,无论他们的转化状态如何.
- 早期认知评估对于定制干预来改善CHR个体的结果至关重要.
- 未来的研究应该调查对注意力和工作记忆缺陷的长期认知轨迹和有针对性的干预措施.
相关概念视频
01:29Psychological and Sociocultural Causes of Schizophrenia
193
Schizophrenia, a complex psychiatric disorder, has been historically misunderstood. Early psychological theories attributed its origins to childhood trauma and unresponsive parenting. However, contemporary research largely rejects these notions, favoring the vulnerability-stress hypothesis. This model proposes that individuals with a genetic predisposition to schizophrenia may develop the disorder following exposure to significant environmental stressors. Notably, studies on high-risk...
193
01:30Negative and Cognitive Symptoms of Schizophrenia
129
Negative symptoms of schizophrenia indicate a reduction or absence of typical behaviors and emotional responses found in healthy individuals, while positive symptoms reflect an excess or distortion of normal functioning.
Negative Symptoms
Negative symptoms of schizophrenia manifest as deficits in normal emotional and behavioral functioning, profoundly impacting daily life. Individuals with schizophrenia often display a flat affect, characterized by a near-total absence of emotional expression,...
Negative Symptoms
Negative symptoms of schizophrenia manifest as deficits in normal emotional and behavioral functioning, profoundly impacting daily life. Individuals with schizophrenia often display a flat affect, characterized by a near-total absence of emotional expression,...
129
01:24Revisionist Views of Adolescent and Adult Cognition
112
A revisionist approach to Jean Piaget's theory of cognitive development has brought new insights that challenge and reinterpret his established ideas. Piaget proposed that the formal operational stage, emerging in adolescence, represents the culmination of cognitive maturity. During this stage, individuals are said to develop abstract thinking, engage in systematic problem-solving, and show a form of egocentrism, believing others are as preoccupied with their behavior as they are...
112
01:17Schizophrenia
237
Schizophrenia, a term introduced by Swiss psychiatrist Eugen Bleuler in 1911, describes a severe psychological disorder marked by profound disruptions in attention, thought processes, language, emotion, and interpersonal relationships. The core feature of schizophrenia is psychosis — a state characterized by a fundamental detachment from reality. This disconnection manifests through distorted logic, impaired perception, and atypical behavior, severely affecting the lives of those...
237
01:20Personality Disorders: Schizotypal and Histrionic
168
Schizotypal personality disorder and histrionic personality disorder are two distinct psychological conditions classified under personality disorders, each characterized by unique behavioral patterns and social difficulties. Both disorders significantly affect interpersonal relationships and emotional well-being, leading to social isolation and frustration.
Schizotypal Personality Disorder: Eccentric Behavior and Social Withdrawal
Schizotypal personality disorder is marked by odd or eccentric...
Schizotypal Personality Disorder: Eccentric Behavior and Social Withdrawal
Schizotypal personality disorder is marked by odd or eccentric...
168
01:18Cognitive Development During Adolescence
142
During adolescence, individuals experience significant cognitive development that enhances their understanding of others' emotions and thoughts, known as cognitive empathy. This period is marked by an increased ability to adapt to others' perspectives and a more nuanced understanding of others' mental states, a skill that is foundational for social problem-solving and conflict avoidance. The development of cognitive empathy relies heavily on the theory of mind — the...
142