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相关概念视频

Uncertainty: Overview00:59

Uncertainty: Overview

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In analytical chemistry, we often perform repetitive measurements to detect and minimize inaccuracies caused by both determinate and indeterminate errors. Despite the cares we take, the presence of random errors means that repeated measurements almost never have exactly the same magnitude. The collective difference between these measurements - observed values - and the estimated or expected value is called uncertainty. Uncertainty is conventionally written after the estimated or expected value.
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Uncertainty: Confidence Intervals00:54

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The confidence interval is the range of values around the mean that contains the true mean. It is expressed as a probability percentage. The interpretation of a 95% confidence interval, for instance, is that the statistician is 95% confident that the true mean falls within the interval. The upper and lower limits of this range are known as confidence limits. The confidence limits for the true mean are estimated from the sample's mean, the standard deviation, and the statistical factor...
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An experiment often consists of more than a single step. In this case, measurements at each step give rise to uncertainty. Because the measurements occur in successive steps, the uncertainty in one step necessarily contributes to that in the subsequent step. As we perform statistical analysis on these types of experiments, we must learn to account for the propagation of uncertainty from one step to the next. The propagation of uncertainty depends on the type of arithmetic operation performed on...
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Uncertainty in Measurement: Accuracy and Precision03:37

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Scientists typically make repeated measurements of a quantity to ensure the quality of their findings and to evaluate both the precision and the accuracy of their results. Measurements are said to be precise if they yield very similar results when repeated in the same manner. A measurement is considered accurate if it yields a result that is very close to the true or the accepted value. Precise values agree with each other; accurate values agree with a true value. 
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The atomic mass of an element varies due to the relative ratio of its isotopes. A sample's relative proportion of oxygen isotopes influences its average atomic mass. For instance, if we were to measure the atomic mass of oxygen from a sample, the mass would be a weighted average of the isotopic masses of oxygen in that sample. Since a single sample is not likely to perfectly reflect the true atomic mass of oxygen for all the molecules of oxygen on Earth, the mass we obtain from this...
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Counting is the type of measurement that is free from uncertainty, provided the number of objects being counted does not change during the process. Such measurements result in exact numbers. By counting the eggs in a carton, for instance, one can determine exactly how many eggs are there in the carton. Similarly, the numbers of defined quantities are also exact. For example, 1 foot is exactly 12 inches, 1 inch is exactly 2.54 centimeters, and 1 gram is exactly 0.001 kilograms. Quantities...
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了解数据不确定性的理解

Alisa Bokulich1, Wendy S Parker2

  • 1Department of Philosophy, Boston University, United States.

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科学数据的完整性需要不确定性估计. 本研究提出了关于不确定性估计的五个哲学论点,强调其适合评估科学数据质量的目的.

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科学领域:

  • 科学哲学的哲学科学哲学
  • 计量学 计量学 计量学
  • 数据科学数据科学数据科学

背景情况:

  • 没有不确定性估计,科学数据通常被认为是不完整的.
  • 数据哲学在很大程度上忽视了不确定性估计的性质和重要性.
  • 计量学现有实践为更广泛的科学数据不确定性估计提供了基础.

研究的目的:

  • 为一般科学数据调整计量学不确定性估计概念.
  • 提出关于数据中不确定性估计的性质和作用的五个哲学论点.
  • 引入一个新的"适合目的"框架来评估不确定性估计.

主要方法:

  • 测量学中不确定性估计的概念分析.
  • 为更广泛的科学数据调整计量实践.
  • 关于数据不确定性的五个哲学论点的开发和说明.
  • 使用GISTEMP全球温度数据集的案例研究.

主要成果:

  • 不确定性估计是实质性的,可错误的,可以反复改进的认识系统产品.
  • 不确定性估计的适用性对于判断数据的适用性至关重要.
  • GISTEMP数据集作为一个例子来说明提出的论文.
  • 介绍了一种对不确定性估计的新"适合目的"观点.

结论:

  • 不确定性估计对于科学数据的完整性和评估至关重要.
  • 拟议的哲学框架增强了对数据质量和可靠性的理解.
  • 这项研究为测量学中的安全与精度辩论提供了新的视角.