在全球范围内评估道路安全立法进展:标准,方法和演变 2015-2023
Evelyn Murphy1, Fangfang Luo2, Joelle Auert2
1World Health Organization, Geneva, Switzerland murphyev@who.int.
概括
全球道路安全法规进展缓慢. 世界卫生组织 (WHO) 追踪了速度,饮酒驾驶,头盔,安全带和儿童座椅方面的进展,强调需要更高质量的法律和实施,特别是在低收入和中等收入国家.
科学领域:
- 公共卫生 公共卫生
- 运输安全运输安全
- 卫生政策 卫生政策
背景情况:
- 世界卫生组织 (WHO) 建立了基于证据的标准来评估道路安全立法质量.
- 全球道路安全状况报告 (GSRRS) 追踪国家在实施行为风险因素法律方面的进展.
- 分析了标准的演变和国家在道路安全立法方面的进展.
研究的目的:
- 描述世卫组织道路安全标准的演变,并评估国家在立法方面的进展.
- 分析与速度,饮酒驾驶,头盔,安全带和儿童座椅系统相关的法律质量.
- 确定道路安全立法和实施需要改进的领域.
主要方法:
- 从世卫组织"道路安全全球状况报告" (2009年,2013年,2015年,2018年,2023年) 中对立法数据的分析.
- 关于关键风险因素的国家法律的标准化评估标准的应用.
- 在相继的报告中对标准和国家进展进行比较,并注意到2023年报告包含了没有标准的新主题.
主要成果:
- 在全球范围内,道路安全法规的立法改进进展缓慢.
- 对限速 (城市≤50公里/小时),饮酒驾驶 (BAC≤0.05g/dL一般,≤0.02g/dL新手),强制使用头盔,所有乘客使用安全带和强制使用儿童座椅系统 (CRS) 应用了具体标准.
- 2023年报告包括道路安全行动十年框架内的其他立法主题,但缺乏明确的评估标准.
结论:
- 在全球范围内,在关键道路安全领域的立法改进步伐缓慢.
- 进一步的研究对于了解道路安全法规的质量和实施至关重要,特别是在低收入和中等收入国家.
- 标准化标准的一致应用对于对道路安全立法进行可比性评估至关重要.
更多相关视频
09:34Implementation of Portable Emissions Measurement Systems PEMS for the Real-driving Emissions RDE Regulation in Europe
Published on: December 4, 2016
28.3K
07:30A Test Bed to Examine Helmet Fit and Retention and Biomechanical Measures of Head and Neck Injury in Simulated Impact
Published on: September 21, 2017
9.0K
相关概念视频
Survey Safety
177
Surveying near highways, rough terrain, or power lines involves significant risks. Working along highways is particularly dangerous and requires the use of warning signs and flagmen. It is safest to avoid working directly on roads and use offsets whenever possible. When highway work is unavoidable, it must follow all safety guidelines. Surveyors should wear bright clothing, such as orange reflective vests, to ensure visibility to motorists, coworkers, and hunters. In construction zones, wearing...
177
Design Example: Alignment of a Road Line Using GIS
109
The alignment of a road line using Geographic Information Systems (GIS) is a critical process in civil engineering, combining advanced technology with practical decision-making. This methodology begins with the collection of geospatial data, including information on land cover, geomorphology, drainage patterns, slope, and contour details. Such data is typically acquired through satellite imagery and GIS tools, offering a comprehensive understanding of the terrain.Once the data is gathered, it...
109
Drug Control Governance: Regulatory Bodies and Their Impact
257
Drug control governance involves the oversight and regulation of pharmaceuticals to ensure their safety and efficacy while preventing illegal drug use and trafficking. Regulatory bodies, including the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) and the European Union's European Medicines Agency (EMA), play a central role in this process. These agencies evaluate the safety and efficacy of drugs before they can be marketed. They fund clinical trials and assess the benefits and risks associated with...
257
Sight Distance in a Vertical Curve
135
Sight distance on vertical curves is critical in roadway design. It ensures drivers can see far enough ahead to identify and respond to hazards effectively. This directly impacts safety, driver comfort, and the overall efficiency of the transportation network.Vertical curves are classified into crest and sag curves based on their geometry. For crest curves, sight distance is determined by the line of sight between a driver's eye and a small object on the road's surface. Design parameters for...
135
Global Regulatory Systems
82
Global regulatory systems in bacteria enable rapid and coordinated responses to environmental changes by integrating sensory inputs with gene expression, ensuring efficient adaptation to fluctuating conditions. Key global regulatory mechanisms include regulons, two-component systems, sigma factors, and secondary messengers.Regulons and Global RegulatorsA regulon is a collection of genes and operons controlled by a common global regulator. These regulators enable bacteria to prioritize resource...
82
Social Traps
23.5K
Social traps are negative situations where people get caught in a direction or relationship that later proves to be unpleasant, with no easy way to back out of or avoid. The concept was orignally introduced by John Platt who applied psychology to Garrett Hardin's "Tragedy of the Commons", where in New England herd owners could let their cattle graze in the common ground. This situation seems like a good idea, but an individual could have an advantage. If they owned...
23.5K
