[NAD+代谢作为抗衰老的目标]
Hitoshi Uchida1, Takashi Nakagawa1
1Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of Toyama.
概括
尼古丁胺胺氨基二核酸 (NAD+) 对代谢感知和衰老至关重要. 随着年龄的增长,NAD+水平的下降会损害能量和DNA修复,导致衰老和相关疾病.
科学领域:
- 生物遗传学 生物遗传学
- 代谢途径 代谢途径
- 分子生物学分子生物学
背景情况:
- 衰老受遗传和环境因素的影响,其中涉及营养代谢感知途径.
- 尼古丁胺胺氨基二核酸 (NAD+) 是这些途径的关键调节剂,作为关键酶的辅助因子和基质.
- 与年龄相关的DNA损伤和炎症的增加导致NAD+的枯竭,损害细胞功能并促进衰老.
研究的目的:
- 审查NAD+的新陈代谢及其与衰老过程的复杂关系.
- 探索NAD+影响衰老和与年龄有关的疾病的机制.
- 讨论NAD+补充治疗促进健康衰老的现状和未来前景.
主要方法:
- 关于NAD+代谢,衰老和相关疾病研究的文献综述.
- 对NAD+依赖酶 (sirtuins,PARP,CD38) 在衰老中的作用的分析.
- 在临床前和临床环境中检查NAD+补充的证据.
主要成果:
- NAD+对于能量代谢,DNA修复和应激反应至关重要,由sirtuins和PARP等酶介导.
- 随着年龄的增长,NAD+水平的降低与细胞功能受损以及对与年龄有关的疾病的易感性增加有关.
- 虽然NAD+代谢及其衰老调节是复杂的,但补充剂显示了治疗干预的潜力.
结论:
- NAD+代谢从根本上与衰老有关,降低水平有助于与年龄相关的衰退和疾病.
- 了解NAD+通路为缓解衰老过程和开发干预措施提供了洞察力.
- 补充NAD +疗法有望延长健康寿命,尽管需要进一步的研究来临床应用.
相关概念视频
01:46Electron Transport Chain: Complex I and II
15.1K
The mitochondrial electron transport chain (ETC) is the main energy generation system in the eukaryotic cells. However, mitochondria also produce cytotoxic reactive oxygen species (ROS) due to the large electron flow during oxidative phosphorylation. While Complex I is one of the primary sources of superoxide radicals, ROS production by Complex II is uncommon and may only be observed in cancer cells with mutated complexes.
ROS generation is regulated and maintained at moderate levels necessary...
ROS generation is regulated and maintained at moderate levels necessary...
15.1K
01:37Mitochondria
15.1K
Mitochondria are eukaryotic cellular organelles that are known to produce energy through a process called oxidative phosphorylation. Besides their primary function, mitochondria are involved in various cellular processes, including cell growth, differentiation, signaling, metabolism, and senescence. Age-related changes cause a decline in mitochondrial quality and integrity due to increased mitochondrial mutations and oxidative damage. Thus, aging can severely impact mitochondrial functions,...
15.1K
01:26Aging
193
Aging is a complex biological phenomenon influenced by various processes that affect cellular and systemic functions. Several prominent theories attempt to explain its mechanisms, highlighting cellular limitations, oxidative damage, and hormonal changes as central factors in aging.
Cellular Clock Theory
The cellular clock theory posits that the human lifespan is closely tied to the finite capacity of cells to divide, a phenomenon governed by telomeres, which are protective caps at the ends of...
Cellular Clock Theory
The cellular clock theory posits that the human lifespan is closely tied to the finite capacity of cells to divide, a phenomenon governed by telomeres, which are protective caps at the ends of...
193
01:19Regulation of Metabolism
9.9K
Cellular needs and conditions vary from cell to cell and change within individual cells over time. For example, the required enzymes and energetic demands of stomach cells are different from those of fat storage cells, skin cells, blood cells, and nerve cells. Furthermore, a digestive cell works much harder to process and break down nutrients during the time that closely follows a meal compared with many hours after a meal. As these cellular demands and conditions vary, so do the amounts and...
9.9K
01:29Drugs Affecting Neurotransmitter Synthesis
1.6K
Drugs affecting neurotransmitter synthesis can impact the adrenergic neuron and the synthesis of neurotransmitters. For example, α-methyltyrosine and carbidopa target specific enzymes involved in catecholamine synthesis. α-methyltyrosine inhibits the enzyme tyrosine hydroxylase, which converts tyrosine into dopamine. By blocking this enzyme, α-methyltyrosine reduces dopamine production and other catecholamines. Carbidopa, on the other hand, inhibits the enzyme dopa decarboxylase,...
1.6K
01:27Transducer Mechanism: Enzyme-Linked Receptors
2.8K
Enzyme-linked receptors are cell-surface receptors acting as an enzyme or associating with an enzyme intracellularly. They make excellent drug targets. Drugs can bind to the extracellular ligand-binding domain or directly affect their enzymatic domain and alter their activity.
Major types that are helpful drug targets include:
Major types that are helpful drug targets include:
2.8K