在美国人口群体之间绘制多维意识形态两极分化图
Jaume Ojer1, David Cárcamo1, Romualdo Pastor-Satorras1
1Departament de Física, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya, Barcelona, Spain.
Nature human behaviour
|July 2, 2025
概括
随着民主党人和共和党人分开,意识形态两极分化增加了. 虽然人口群体与政党保持一致,但他们的意识形态距离没有增长,最近党派分类下降.
科学领域:
- 政治科学 政治科学是指政治学.
- 社会学 社会学 社会学
- 计算社会科学 计算社会科学
背景情况:
- 关于意识形态两极分化是否增加或选民是否仅仅分为意识形态一致的政党存在争论.
- 了解意识形态转变和党派对齐的动态对于分析当代政治景观至关重要.
研究的目的:
- 开发一种方法来量化多维意识形态两极分化.
- 分析政治和社会经济群体在一个二维的意识形态空间中的时间运动.
- 研究思想距离和党派分类随着时间的推移而发生的变化.
主要方法:
- 开发了一种新的方法,将来自美国全国选举研究的受访者嵌入到二维意识形态空间中.
- 利用广泛的政治,社会和经济主题进行意识形态测量.
- 识别了人口统计学属性,以追踪随时间推移的群体运动和意识形态变化.
主要成果:
- 收入和种族群体表现出与政党的对齐程度增加,但他们的意识形态距离没有扩大.
- 过去30年来,民主党和共和党之间存在着重大的意识形态分歧,两党都远离了中心.
- 民主党选民在2010年后表现出更多的意识形态异质性,这表明党派分类的下降.
结论:
- 这项研究证实了两大政党之间的意识形态两极化增加,这不仅仅是由于党派分类.
- 人口对政党的分类已经发生了,但这并不能完全解释日益增长的意识形态差距.
- 最近的趋势表明,民主党选民的党派分类可能会减少,这突显了不断变化的政治动态.
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