证券化监狱健康:对加拿大监狱针交换计划的现实性审查
Liam Michaud1,2, Heino Stöver3, Emily van der Meulen4
1York University, Toronto, Canada. lmichaud@yorku.ca.
Health & justice
|July 2, 2025
概括
加拿大的监狱针交换计划 (PNEP) 面临重大挑战,包括感知到的风险和严格的资格,导致吸收率低,可用性有限. 需要进行修订,以符合国际减少危害标准.
科学领域:
- 公共卫生 公共卫生
- 犯罪学 犯罪学
- 卫生政策 卫生政策
背景情况:
- 加拿大惩教局 (CSC) 在2018年建立了一项监狱针交换计划 (PNEP),原因是监禁人员中注射药物使用,艾滋病毒和C型肝炎的高率.
- 实施速度缓慢,到2025年初,PNEP仅在43个联邦监狱中的11个可用,面临批评和挑战.
研究的目的:
- 调查加拿大惩戒服务 (CSC) 对监狱针交换计划 (PNEP) 的方法和实施.
- 通过使用现实审查方法,确定促进或阻碍PNEP在被监禁人口中推广和采用PNEP的因素.
主要方法:
- 采用了现实主义的审查方法,综合了来自114个文献来源的证据,包括学术文章,新闻媒体,计划评估和惩戒政策.
- 还分析了通过获取信息请求 (257页) 获得的联邦政府披露信息.
主要成果:
- 针头循环的感知风险和符合资格的"威胁风险评估"显著阻碍了计划的有效性.
- 监禁人员经常被拒绝访问,惩戒官员参与合规执法阻碍了参与.
- 缺乏保密性和高停药率导致PNEP吸收率极低,特别是在女性中.
结论:
- 建议对CSC的PNEP进行重大修订,以使其与监狱危害减少和国际最佳实践以及注射器分发标准保持一致.
- 加拿大与PNEP的经验可以作为其他司法管辖区考虑类似的癌症注射器计划的一个警示性例子.
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