在临床瘤学数据上训练的大型语言模型预测癌症进展
Menglei Zhu1, Hui Lin2, Jue Jiang1
1Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA.
NPJ digital medicine
|July 3, 2025
概括
瘤学专用大型语言模型 (LLM) Woollie,在使用现实数据预测癌症进展方面表现出高准确度. 这个经过验证的LLM证明了在多个机构和癌症类型中改善癌症分析的潜力.
科学领域:
- 在瘤学中使用人工智能
- 医疗信息学 医疗信息学
- 临床决策支持 临床决策支持
背景情况:
- 大型语言模型 (LLM) 在瘤学中面临采用障碍,原因是专门的知识要求.
- 现有的LLM可能无法充分解决癌症子专业的细微差别.
研究的目的:
- 介绍Woollie,一个专门为瘤学培训的开源LLM.
- 通过使用现实世界的临床数据,评估Woollie在癌症进展预测方面的表现.
主要方法:
- 伍利接受了纪念斯隆凯特林癌症中心 (MSK) 肺癌,乳腺癌,前列腺癌,胰腺癌和结直肠癌数据的培训.
- 外部验证是使用加州大学旧金山分校 (UCSF) 数据进行的.
- 评估了使用接收器操作特征曲线 (AUROC) 下的面积来预测癌症进展的性能.
主要成果:
- 伍利在MSK数据上实现了癌症进展预测的整体AUROC为0.97,胰腺癌为0.98.
- 根据UCSF的数据,Woollie的整体AUROC为0.88,肺癌检测为0.95.
- 伍利在医疗基准测试中表现优于ChatGPT,在非医疗基准测试中表现强.
结论:
- 伍利是第一个在多个机构验证的瘤学专业的LLM.
- 该模型在分析不同癌症类型的癌症进展方面表现出高准确性和一致性.
- 伍利具有显著的潜力,可以在临床环境中增强癌症进展分析.
相关概念视频
Tumor Progression
6.5K
Tumor progression is a phenomenon where the pre-formed tumor acquires successive mutations to become clinically more aggressive and malignant. In the 1950s, Foulds first described the stepwise progression of cancer cells through successive stages.
Colon cancer is one of the best-documented examples of tumor progression. Early mutation in the APC gene in colon cells causes a small growth on the colon wall called a polyp. With time, this polyp grows into a benign, pre-cancerous tumor. Further...
Colon cancer is one of the best-documented examples of tumor progression. Early mutation in the APC gene in colon cells causes a small growth on the colon wall called a polyp. With time, this polyp grows into a benign, pre-cancerous tumor. Further...
6.5K
Cancer Survival Analysis
458
Cancer survival analysis focuses on quantifying and interpreting the time from a key starting point, such as diagnosis or the initiation of treatment, to a specific endpoint, such as remission or death. This analysis provides critical insights into treatment effectiveness and factors that influence patient outcomes, helping to shape clinical decisions and guide prognostic evaluations. A cornerstone of oncology research, survival analysis tackles the challenges of skewed, non-normally...
458
Mouse Models of Cancer Study
5.7K
Mice have long served as models for studying human biology and pathology because of their phylogenetic and physiological similarity with humans. They are also easy to maintain and breed in the laboratory, and hence, many inbred strains are now available for research. Studies on mice have contributed immeasurably to our understanding of cancer biology.
The development of transgenic, knockout, and knock-in mice has led to an exponential increase in their use as model organisms in research,...
The development of transgenic, knockout, and knock-in mice has led to an exponential increase in their use as model organisms in research,...
5.7K
Targeted Cancer Therapies
7.8K
The targeted cancer therapies, also known as “molecular targeted therapies,” take advantage of the molecular and genetic differences between the cancer cells and the normal cells. It needs a thorough understanding of the cancer cells to develop drugs that can target specific molecular aspects that drive the growth, progression, and spread of cancer cells without affecting the growth and survival of other normal cells in the body.
There are several types of targeted therapies against...
There are several types of targeted therapies against...
7.8K


