神经肌肉训练对网球运动员的影响:系统性审查和元分析
Yimiao Zhou1, Ying Bai2, Yixin Liang3
1School of Physical Education, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, No. 1037, Luoyu Road, Hongshan District, Wuhan City, Hubei Province, 430074, China. 2017210221@hust.edu.cn.
BMC sports science, medicine & rehabilitation
|July 3, 2025
概括
神经肌肉训练 (NT) 显著提高了网球表现,提高了服务速度,敏捷性,冲刺速度,力量和力量. 最佳的训练策略取决于球员的年龄和具体目标,不同的训练方式在不同的领域表现出色.
科学领域:
- 运动科学与医学 运动科学与医学
- 生物力学和运动控制
背景情况:
- 神经肌肉训练 (NT) 对运动发展至关重要,但它对网球表现的具体影响需要详细评估.
- 了解不同的NT模式,训练变量和球员年龄如何影响关键的网球指标对于优化训练计划至关重要.
研究的目的:
- 系统地审查和元分析神经肌肉训练 (NT) 对网球表现指标的影响.
- 确定球员年龄,训练时间,频率和特定NT模式 (平度,阻力,核心稳定性) 对表现结果的影响.
主要方法:
- 从主要数据库 (PubMed,MEDLINE,Embase,Google Scholar,Web of Science) 来源的随机对照试验 (RCT) 的系统审查和元分析,直到2024年10月.
- 包括的研究比较了NT模式 (平度训练,抵抗训练,核心稳定训练) 与网球运动员的传统训练.
- 分析的关键性能结果包括服务速度,精度,敏捷性,冲刺性能,肌肉力量和功率,并使用Hedges的g效应大小进行统计合成.
主要成果:
- 神经肌肉训练显著改善了服务速度 (SMD=0.72),敏捷性 (SMD=-0.64),冲刺表现 (SMD=-0.33),肌肉力量 (SMD=0.57) 和功率 (SMD=0.74).
- 在操作精度 (SMD=0.36) 中没有发现显著的改进.
- 较老的球员 (>18岁) 在服务速度和功率方面表现出更大的收益. 超过12周的训练时间对敏捷性和冲刺表现没有产生额外的好处. 每周两次的训练对冲刺表现比每周三次的训练更有效. 飞度训练最有效用于速度,冲刺和动力;核心稳定训练用于敏捷性;抵抗训练用于力量.
结论:
- 神经肌肉训练是提高关键网球表现指标的有效策略.
- 训练结果因运动员的年龄,训练时间,频率和所采用的特定NT模式而显著调节.
- 教练应该根据运动员的年龄和绩效目标来个性化NT课程,利用压力计训练来获得力量,核心稳定性来获得敏捷性,以及抵抗训练来获得力量.
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