长度先天性和异质性适应性免疫反应SARS-CoV-2 JN.1在移植接受者与先前的Omicron感染:有限的中和但强大的CD4+ T-细胞活动
Victor H Ferreira1,2, Brandon Keith1, Faranak Mavandadnejad1
1University Health Network (UHN) Ajmera Transplant Centre, Toronto General Hospital Research Institute (TGHRI), Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
概括
固体器官移植接受者在感染后对SARS-CoV-2变种产生有限的中和抗体. 然而,持续的CD4+T细胞反应可能会在这个免疫功能低下的群体中提供对严重的COVID-19的保护.
科学领域:
- 免疫学 免疫学 免疫学
- 病毒学 病毒学
- 移植 移植 移植 移植
背景情况:
- 固体器官移植 (SOT) 接受者面临更高的COVID-19风险,并且由于免疫抑制,疫苗有效性降低.
- 了解SARS-CoV-2自然感染后的免疫反应对于保护这种脆弱人群免受新兴变种的侵害至关重要.
研究的目的:
- 评估自然感染后SOT接受者对SARS-CoV-2变异的免疫反应的耐用性和范围,包括中和抗体和T细胞活性.
- 在Omicron BA.1或BA.2感染4-6周和1年后评估针对JN.1亚变体的免疫反应.
主要方法:
- 纵向研究设计涉及SOT接受者从Omicron BA.1/BA.2感染中恢复.
- 使用伪病毒试验测量对JN.1的中和抗体.
- 通过流细胞计量评估JN.1特异性T细胞反应 (CD4+和CD8+).
- 分析先天和批量T细胞频率及其与适应性免疫的相关性.
主要成果:
- 检测到的JN.1-中和抗体在4-6周后在30%人群中被发现,在1年后增加到43%,但标位仍然很低.
- 强大的CD4+T细胞响应在4-6周内在75%-83%的患者中被观察到,在1年内维持在75%-93%的患者中.
- CD8+ T细胞反应的频率较低;在先天性/批量T细胞和适应性反应之间没有发现显著的相关性.
结论:
- 在SOT受体中自然感染提供了对SARS-CoV-2变种的有限的异质中和抗体反应.
- 感染后持续的CD4+T细胞免疫力可能在减轻JN.1类型变异的严重疾病方面发挥重要作用.
- 这些发现突显了在面临不断变化的病毒威胁的免疫受损人群中T细胞反应的重要性.
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