在未燃烧的地区,树木死亡率有限,这与森林火灾导致的树皮甲虫溢出有关
Robert A Andrus1, Joel Egan2, Nathan Ivy1
1School of the Environment, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington, USA.
概括
树皮甲虫 (Dendroctonus pseudotsugae) 在道格拉斯 (Pseudotsuga menziesii) 森林的野火的溢出是有限的,大多数死亡率是由干旱等更广泛的因素驱动的. 建议土地管理人员在火灾附近进行有针对性的监测.
科学领域:
- 森林生态学和昆虫学
- 干扰的相互作用和景观动态.
- 野火和昆虫爆发的动态.
背景情况:
- 美国西部野火活动增加导致更多受火伤的道格拉斯 (DF) 树易受甲虫攻击.
- 在火灾受伤的树木中,道格拉斯火虫 (DFB) 种群引发了人们对潜在的溢出到未燃烧的森林的担忧,导致死亡率.
- 了解DFB溢出对于土地管理者评估道格拉斯火山生态系统中火灾后风险至关重要.
研究的目的:
- 调查森林火灾周围未燃烧地区的DFB引起的DFB树木死亡的时空模式.
- 分析DFB溢出的程度和驱动因素,从北方落基山脉的烧毁到未烧毁的森林.
- 为土地管理策略提供有关火灾后昆虫爆发风险的信息.
主要方法:
- 开发了一个多尺度的分析框架来检查DF树木死亡率,可能与DFB溢出相关.
- 分析了61次野火 (2000-2017年) 在0-10公里范围内未被烧毁地区的树木死亡率数据.
- 评估了DFB分散模式,使用更短和更长距离的分散场景和接近燃烧与未燃烧的来源.
主要成果:
- 由DFB引起的DF死亡率模式在广大地区同步波动,这表明干旱等更广泛的影响,而不是靠近烧毁的树木.
- 观察到的DFB溢出 (离火灾周边距离<1公里),占DF总死亡率的很小比例 (0.2%-0.3%).
- 溢出与气候压力无关,而是与DFB前一年较高的死亡率有关,这表明溢出影响有限.
结论:
- 从被烧毁到未被烧毁的道格拉斯林的DFB溢出是一个有限的现象,更广泛的生态因素导致了大多数死亡.
- 靠近未燃烧的DFB来源往往超过燃烧地区的DFB,从而限制了溢出效应.
- 为了有效地管理土地,建议对火灾相邻的未燃烧的森林中DFB种群进行特定地点的监测.
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