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在北欧国家,工作寿命和失去了工作年数的职业差异
Karina Undem1, Taina Leinonen, Daniel Falkstedt
1National Institute of Occupational Health, Department of Occupational Medicine and Epidemiology, PB 5330 Majorstuen, 0304 Oslo, Norway. karina.undem@stami.no.
Scandinavian journal of work, environment & health
|July 3, 2025
概括
在北欧国家,工作寿命 (WLE) 的职业差异存在. 管理人员和专业人员的劳动年限较高,而手工和服务人员的劳动年限较低,劳动年限损失的原因因国家而异.
科学领域:
- 职业健康 职业健康 职业健康 职业健康
- 社会流行病学社会流行病学
- 劳动力经济学 劳动力经济学
背景情况:
- 工作寿命预期 (WLE) 根据职业和国家有很大差异.
- 了解这些差异对于公共卫生和社会政策至关重要.
- 之前的研究强调需要对职业WLE进行特定国家分析.
研究的目的:
- 调查丹麦,芬兰和挪威就业人员在工作寿命 (WLE) 中的职业差异.
- 确定不同职业群体和国家的失业年数 (WYL) 的主要原因.
主要方法:
- 使用了来自丹麦 (N=2,383,657),芬兰 (N=1,266,705) 和挪威 (N=1,761,166) 的受雇人口的注册数据.
- 使用沙利文方法 (2015年数据) 估计30-65岁的WLE.
- 分析了按性别和主要职业群体分层的WYL (病缺,失业,残疾退休,老年退休) 的原因 (ISCO-88).
主要成果:
- 在三个北欧国家中观察到WLE中一致的职业模式.
- 立法者,高级官员,经理和专业人士通常表现出更高的WLE.
- 服务,销售和手工劳动者,特别是那些从事基本职业的人,WLE较低.
- 根据国家,WYL的原因有所不同:丹麦的残疾退休,芬兰的失业,挪威的病假.
结论:
- 在丹麦,芬兰和挪威,WLE中存在一个共同的职业层次结构.
- 虽然职业模式相似,但这些国家的WLE差异程度和WYL的驱动因素在这些国家之间有很大差异.
- 调查结果强调了定制干预措施的重要性,这些干预措施应对了职业群体内失去了工作年数的特定国家原因.
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