开发一种整体的河流健康评估方法:从生物指标到生态系统
Isabella Calattini1,2, Tommaso Campani3, Claudio Leonzio1
1Department of Physical, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Siena, Siena, Via Pier Andrea Mattioli, 4, 53100, Italy.
概括
埃尔萨河下游的健康状况因污染而下降,鱼类受到微塑料和基因毒性影响的影响. 公民科学和综合分析确定了关键污染物和潜在来源,突出了城市废物和交通影响.
科学领域:
- 环境科学 环境科学
- 生态毒理学 生态毒理学
- 淡水生态学 淡水生态
背景情况:
- 淡水生态系统对生物多样性和气候调节至关重要,但由于人类活动而面临退化.
- 农业,工业和城市化等人类造成的压力严重影响水质和生态状况.
- 评估河流健康需要综合方法,结合化学,生态和生态毒理学数据.
研究的目的:
- 综合评估埃尔萨河的健康状况,埃尔萨河是意大利托斯卡纳的阿诺河的支流.
- 将公民科学与先进的生态毒理学方法相结合,以进行整体的河流健康评估.
- 确定影响河流生态系统的特定污染物及其可能来源.
主要方法:
- 通过公民科学项目监测水质 (酸盐,酸盐,,pH值).
- 使用扩展生物指数 (EBI) 和河流功能指数 (FFI) 的生态评估.
- 对意大利 (Squalius squalus) 进行微塑料,重金属,有机和生物标志物反应 (基因毒性,神经毒性,氧化应激,PAH代谢物) 的生态毒理学分析.
主要成果:
- 从上游到下游观察到水质和生态状况的逐渐下降.
- 鱼类中微塑料的摄入量在城市化地区后下游达到峰值 (2.5个/个).
- 鱼类的基因毒性影响与,PCB和甲的代谢物有显著的相关性.
结论:
- 综合的,整体的方法有效地标志着埃尔萨河的健康状况下降.
- 非法城市垃圾处理,车辆交通和受污染的支流可能是已识别的污染物的来源.
- 公民科学参与增强了当地知识和参与解决河流环境挑战的参与.
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