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平衡情绪平衡:在法律背景下,同情和非人化
Isabella Kahhale1, Leor Hackel2, Jamil Zaki3
1Department of Psychology, University of Pittsburgh.
Emotion (Washington, D.C.)
|July 3, 2025
概括
受害者影响陈述不会改变判决. 然而,呈现受害者和被告的观点使被告变得人性化,通过平衡情感偏见来促进更宽容的法律决策.
科学领域:
- 法律心理学 法律心理学
- 社会心理学 社会心理学
- 决策科学 决策科学 决策科学
背景情况:
- 在法律环境中,情感信息引发了对司法决策潜在偏见的质疑.
- 受害者影响陈述 (VIS) 用于传达犯罪对受害者的影响,但它们对判决的影响仍在争论中.
研究的目的:
- 调查情感信息,特别是受害者影响陈述对法律决策的影响.
- 为了确定呈现多个观点 (受害者和被告) 是否可以减轻法律判决中的"同情默认".
主要方法:
- 对918152个暴力犯罪的现实世界判决结果进行了档案分析 (研究1).
- 使用模拟陪审员进行实验研究,检查犯罪事实,VIS和被告观点对同情和判决的影响 (研究2和3).
- 陈述情感的内容分析和实验结果的元分析.
主要成果:
- 受害者影响陈述并没有显著改变研究1中的判决结果.
- 仅仅暴露于犯罪事实就导致了受害者同情和被告的非人道化,不受VIS的影响.
- 呈现被告和受害者的视角增加了对双方的同情心,使被告人变得人性化,并支持更宽容的判决.
- 被告的观点对判决宽容有更强烈的影响,而不是受害者的观点.
结论:
- "同情性违约"似乎影响了法律决策,可能有利于受害者.
- 忽视情感信息或仅依赖受害者的观点可能会延续偏见.
- 引入和考虑多个观点,特别是被告的观点,对于平衡情感平衡和促进更公平的法律结果至关重要.
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