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相关概念视频

Language and Cognition01:27

Language and Cognition

453
Language serves as a bridge between ideas and communication, influencing how individuals perceive and interact with the world. Psychologists have long debated whether language shapes thought or vice versa. This discussion gained grip with Edward Sapir and Benjamin Lee Whorf in the 1940s, who proposed that language determines thought, a concept known as linguistic determinism. They suggested that the vocabulary and structure of a language influence how its speakers think and perceive reality.
453
Components of Language01:24

Components of Language

410
Language, whether spoken, signed, or written, consists of specific components: lexicon and grammar. The lexicon is the vocabulary of a language, comprising its words. Grammar is the set of rules used to convey meaning through the lexicon. For example, English grammar adds “-ed” to most verbs to indicate past tense. Words are formed by combining phonemes, which are the basic sound units of a language. Different languages have different sets of phonemes (e.g., “ah” vs.
410
Encoding01:19

Encoding

258
Information enters the brain through encoding, which is the input of information into the memory system. Once sensory information is received from the environment, the brain labels or codes it. The information is then organized with similar information and connected to existing concepts. Encoding occurs through automatic processing and effortful processing.
Automatic processing involves the encoding of details like time, space, frequency, and the meaning of words, usually done without conscious...
258
Language Development01:22

Language Development

456
Children master language quickly and with relative ease, supported by both biological predisposition and reinforcement. B. F. Skinner (1957) proposed that language is learned through reinforcement, while Noam Chomsky (1965) argued that language acquisition mechanisms are biologically determined.
The critical period for language acquisition suggests that the ability to acquire language is at its peak early in life. As people age, this proficiency decreases. Language development begins very...
456
Purposive Learning01:22

Purposive Learning

208
E. C. Tolman emphasized the purposiveness of behavior — the idea that much of our behavior is goal-directed. For instance, employees who aim for a promotion work diligently to meet their targets. Tolman argued that when classical conditioning and operant conditioning occur, the organism acquires certain expectations. In classical conditioning, a child might fear a dog because they expect it to bite. In operant conditioning, a person might consistently work overtime because they expect a...
208
Higher Mental Functions of the Brain: Language01:10

Higher Mental Functions of the Brain: Language

1.0K
Language is a system of communication that allows the expression of thoughts, ideas, and feelings. The brain processes language in both hemispheres.
Language formation and comprehension take place in the dominant hemisphere. The dominant hemisphere is responsible for understanding the meaning of spoken, written, or sign language, as well as the ability to communicate. For most people, the left hemisphere is the dominant one. The right hemisphere, then, gives tone and emotional context to the...
1.0K

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相关实验视频

Updated: Sep 17, 2025

Defining the Role Of Language in Infants' Object Categorization with Eye-tracking Paradigms
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Defining the Role Of Language in Infants' Object Categorization with Eye-tracking Paradigms

Published on: February 8, 2019

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单词学习作为类别的形成.

Spencer Caplan1

  • 1Linguistics Program, CUNY Graduate Center, New York, New York, United States of America.

PloS one
|July 3, 2025
PubMed
概括
此摘要是机器生成的。

孩子们通过形成类别来学习单词的含义. 新的研究表明,例子的数量和它们的呈现方式都会影响词汇的概括,这表明学习来自于简单的,局部的过程.

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Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation tDCS of Wernicke's and Broca's Areas in Studies of Language Learning and Word Acquisition
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Experience is Instrumental in Tuning a Link Between Language and Cognition: Evidence from 6- to 7- Month-Old Infants' Object Categorization
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Experience is Instrumental in Tuning a Link Between Language and Cognition: Evidence from 6- to 7- Month-Old Infants' Object Categorization

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相关实验视频

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Defining the Role Of Language in Infants' Object Categorization with Eye-tracking Paradigms
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Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation tDCS of Wernicke's and Broca's Areas in Studies of Language Learning and Word Acquisition
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Experience is Instrumental in Tuning a Link Between Language and Cognition: Evidence from 6- to 7- Month-Old Infants' Object Categorization
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科学领域:

  • 认知科学 认知科学
  • 发展心理学 发展心理学
  • 计算语言学 计算语言学

背景情况:

  • 了解孩子如何从有限的例子中概括单词含义,是单词学习的一个核心挑战.
  • 这是一个很棒的节目,这是一个很棒的节目.
  • 一个可疑的巧合效应.
  • (SCE) 建议更多的培训数据会导致更狭窄的词语含义,通常通过统计推理模型来解释.

研究的目的:

  • 调查训练对象数和演示时间对词汇概括的独立影响.
  • 开发一个统一的计算模型,解释单词学习现象.
  • 测试拟议的模型与人类行为数据对比.

主要方法:

  • 重新分析关于词语学习的现有实验数据.
  • 开发了天真泛化模型 (NGM),这是一个基于局部增量类别形成的计算模型.
  • 测试NGM与人类行为在七个实验条件不同的演示时间,对象号码,和项目等级.

主要成果:

  • 训练对象的数量和它们的演示时间都独立地影响了词汇概括,这与之前的互动假设相反.
  • 纯粹概括模型 (NGM) 能够在统一的框架内成功考虑这些独立效应.
  • 在各种实验条件下,模型的性能与人类行为保持一致,无论是质量还是数量.

结论:

  • 单词概括受训练集大小和演示时间的独立因素的影响.
  • 纯粹的泛化模型为单词学习提供了一个节的解释,基于局部类别的形成.
  • 理性单词学习行为可能来自于简单的,机械的过程,而不是复杂的全球统计推理.