根据健康风险因素的流行程度,美国人口普查区域中及时获得认证中风护理的差异
Linda Schieb1, Joshua Tootoo2, Melissa Fiffer2
1Division for Heart Disease and Stroke Prevention, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia.
Preventing chronic disease
|July 3, 2025
概括
数百万美国人无法及时获得先进的中风护理,特别是在农村地区. 这些服务不足的人口中,中风和其他严重健康状况的发病率更高,这表明健康差异很大.
科学领域:
- 公共卫生 公共卫生
- 医疗保健服务研究 医疗服务研究
- 空间流行病学 空间流行病学
背景情况:
- 及时获得中风护理对于减少死亡率和残疾至关重要.
- 关于中风护理获取差异的现有研究主要集中在社会人口统计学因素上,忽视了并发症的流行率.
- 需要更新的国家数据,以全面评估中风护理准入方面的差异.
研究的目的:
- 为了评估全国范围内经过认证的中风中心的驱动时间的差异.
- 为了比较具有及时获得先进中风护理的地区和没有及时获得先进中风护理的地区的并发症患病率和社会人口统计学特征.
主要方法:
- 从美国人口普查区到经过认证的中风中心 (总和高级护理) 的行车时间的横截面空间分析.
- 利用2022年国家数据库用于中风中心位置和美国疾病控制和预防中心的PLACES 2020数据用于健康和社会人口统计信息.
- 在60分钟车程内和超越先进中风护理的人口中比较健康和人口因素.
主要成果:
- 到达高级中风护理的中位时间为23.0分钟;20%的美国成年人口 (4900万) 居住在60分钟外,主要在农村地区.
- 缺乏及时 (>60分钟) 获得先进中风护理的地区,中风,高血压,心脏病,糖尿病和肥胖的患病率更高.
- 这些服务不足的地区也显示出更高的贫困,更低的教育水平,以及非西班牙裔白人和老年人群的比例更高.
结论:
- 在受限于中风护理的地区,居民面临着更高的健康风险因素负担.
- 研究结果强调需要有针对性的干预措施,包括教育,远程医疗和优化设施安置,以改善中风护理系统.
- 解决这些差异对于公平的中风结果在美国至关重要.
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