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相关概念视频

T Cell Types and Functions01:24

T Cell Types and Functions

1.4K
When T cells with CD4 markers are activated, they give rise to two types of effector cells: helper T cells and regulatory T cells. Meanwhile, T cells with CD8 markers differentiate into effector cytotoxic T cells. The differentiation of CD4 T cells into helper T cell subsets, such as Th1, Th2, and Th17 cells, is dependent on the antigen type, antigen-presenting cell, and regulatory cytokines.
Th1 cells stimulate dendritic cells to express necessary co-stimulatory molecules on their surfaces for...
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Inflammatory Response01:28

Inflammatory Response

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An inflammatory response is a localized, nonspecific immune reaction that occurs when a tissue is injured. It is characterized by redness, swelling, heat, and pain, which are commonly called the cardinal signs and symptoms of inflammation. Inflammation can sometimes result in a loss of function.
Inflammation can be triggered by various stimuli, such as impact, abrasion, chemical irritation, infections, and extreme hot or cold temperatures. These can damage cells and connective tissue fibers,...
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NF-κB-dependent Signaling Pathway02:26

NF-κB-dependent Signaling Pathway

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The transcription factor NF-κB was discovered in 1986 in the lab of Nobel laureate Professor David Baltimore, for its interaction with the immunoglobulin light chain enhancer in B-cells. After more than three decades of study, it is now evident that NF-κB regulates the expression of over 100 genes. Most of these genes play an essential role in the innate and adaptive immune responses as well as the inflammatory responses of animals.
NF-κB-dependent Signaling Mechanism
The...
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The JAK-STAT Signaling Pathway01:20

The JAK-STAT Signaling Pathway

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Several cytokine receptors have tightly bound Janus kinase or JAK proteins attached at their cytosolic tail. Small signaling molecules such as cytokines, growth hormones, or prolactins bind to the cytokine receptors and initiate their dimerization. The dimerization brings the cytosolic JAKs together that trans-phosphorylate and activates each other. The activated JAKs now phosphorylate cytosolic tails of the cytokine receptors, which serve as binding sites for adaptor proteins such as  SH2...
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Receptor Downregulation in MVBs01:15

Receptor Downregulation in MVBs

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Multivesicular bodies (MVBs) are mature endosomes that sort ubiquitinated proteins and then fuse with lysosomes to degrade the sorted proteins. Epidermal growth factor (EGF) and its receptor (EGFR) form a complex that can be internalized through endocytosis, sorted into an MVB, and later degraded.
The EGFR can initiate signaling pathways that  lead to cell proliferation, migration, and differentiation. Overexpression of EGFR  stimulates cells to proliferate. Excessive  EGFR...
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相关实验视频

Updated: Sep 17, 2025

Accurate and Simple Measurement of the Pro-inflammatory Cytokine IL-1β using a Whole Blood Stimulation Assay
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介质蛋白-31:一种针对炎症的细胞因子.

Giuseppe Murdaca1,2, Francesca Paladin3, Andrea Orsi4,5

  • 1Department of Internal Medicine, University of Genova, Viale Benedetto XV, 16132 Genova, Italy.

Frontiers in bioscience (Landmark edition)
|July 4, 2025
PubMed
概括

2型免疫,涉及T助手2 (Th2) 细胞和IL-31等细胞因子,驱动炎症性皮肤疾病和与癌症相关的. 准IL-31和IL-33为缓解提供了新的治疗途径.

关键词:
一个IL-31型IL-31型.IL-31受体是IL-31的受体之一.这里有IL-33和IL-33.在IL-33/IL-31轴上癌症 癌症 癌症 癌症 癌症

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Visualization of IL-22-expressing Lymphocytes Using Reporter Mice
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Accurate and Simple Measurement of the Pro-inflammatory Cytokine IL-1β using a Whole Blood Stimulation Assay
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科学领域:

  • 免疫学 免疫学 免疫学
  • 皮肤病学 皮肤病学
  • 在瘤学瘤学.

背景情况:

  • 2型免疫,由T助手2 (Th2) 淋巴细胞和细胞因子 (IL-4,IL-13,IL-31) 介导,在免疫介导的皮肤疾病,如皮炎和牛皮中至关重要.
  • 这些免疫路径放大了炎症,信号级联,以及皮肤疾病中的.
  • 介质素-33 (IL-33) 和介质素-31 (IL-31) 越来越多地被认为是它们在疾病严重程度和方面的关联作用.

研究的目的:

  • 探索IL-31和IL-33作为免疫介导性皮肤疾病和癌症相关的的关键调解者的作用.
  • 调查针对这些非胰岛素性细胞因子作为新疗法策略的潜力.
  • 审查针对改善患者生活质量的单克隆抗IL-31疗法的最新进展.

主要方法:

  • 关于2型免疫,Th2淋巴细胞和相关细胞因子的现有文献的综述.
  • 分析IL-31和IL-33在阿托皮性皮肤炎,牛皮和与癌症相关的的发病过程中的作用.
  • 讨论新兴的治疗方法,包括针对IL-31的单克隆抗体.

主要成果:

  • IL-31和IL-33是内在联系在一起的,可能会放大炎症性皮肤疾病和.
  • 升高的IL-31水平可以促进促进瘤的微环境,并导致与癌症相关的.
  • 像IL-31和IL-33这样的非胰岛素调解剂具有可行的治疗点.

结论:

  • IL-31和IL-33在性免疫媒介皮肤疾病和癌症的病理生理学中发挥着重要作用.
  • 向IL-31和IL-33提供了一种有前途的策略,用于管理和提高患者的生活质量.
  • 单克隆抗IL-31疗法是治疗这些疾病的重大创新.