表观遗传学,人类印记和慢性疾病
Randy L Jirtle1,2,3
1Department of Biological Sciences, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, U.S.A.
Essays in biochemistry
|July 4, 2025
概括
胚胎环境暴露可以通过修改表观基因组,特别是通过印记基因和转移稳定的表观基因来改变成年人疾病易感性. 这些表观遗传机制将早期生命暴露与慢性疾病风险联系起来.
科学领域:
- 表观遗传学 在表观遗传学中,表观遗传学是指表观遗传学.
- 发展生物学 发展生物学
- 基因组学就是基因组学.
背景情况:
- 两种基因子集,即印记基因和转移性类基因,将胚胎暴露与成人疾病联系起来.
- 转移性类基因表达 (例如,阿古蒂活力黄色 (Avy) 老鼠) 在个体之间是可变的,但在组织中是统一的.
- 基因组印记,一种源代基因沉默机制,在Therian哺乳动物中进化.
研究的目的:
- 证明胚胎环境暴露如何改变表观基因组并影响成人疾病易感性.
- 突出印制基因和转移性稳定性类基因在环境诱导的慢性疾病中的作用.
- 讨论与慢性和行为障碍相关的人类印记区域的识别.
主要方法:
- 利用Agouti可行的黄色 (Avy) 鼠标模型来研究表观遗传修饰.
- 研究了营养补充剂,化学毒剂和低剂量的电离辐射在胚胎发生过程中的影响.
- 使用人体印记阵列来识别边缘样本中的印记控制区域 (ICR).
主要成果:
- 证实胚胎暴露会通过在Avy小鼠模型中的表观遗传修饰改变成人疾病易感性.
- 已确立的印记基因作为功能性单 haploid 疾病易感度位点.
- 能够识别与慢性疾病和行为障碍相关的人类印记ICR.
结论:
- 在环境诱导的人类慢性疾病的病因学中,转移性样和印记基因至关重要.
- 印记基因和转移稳定的表基因的表观遗传调节提供了一种机制,将早期环境暴露与晚年健康结果联系起来.
- 人类印记阵列有助于识别疾病风险的表观遗传生物标志物.
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